Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases

Abstract

The application of regenerative strategies to musculoskeletal ailments offers extraordinary promise to transform management of the conditions of numerous patients. The use of cell-based therapies and adjunct strategies is under active investigation for injuries and illnesses affecting bones, joints, tendons, and skeletal muscle. Of particular interest to the field is the mesenchymal stem cell, an adult stem cell found in bone marrow and adipose tissue. This cell type can be expanded ex vivo, has allogeneic application, and has the capacity for engraftment and differentiation into mesodermal lineages. Also of major interest in the field is the use of platelet-rich plasma, a strategy to concentrate endogenous cytokines and growth factors with reparative potential. Here we review the biological basis, clinical studies, safety, and current state of mesenchymal stem cell and platelet-rich plasma therapies in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease.

Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy?

“…Additionally they must express CD105, CD90 and CD73 and lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79alpha or CD19, and HLA-DR surface molecules [2] . There is great interest in using these cells in a wide variety of clinical domains, such as Neurology, Orthopaedics, Cardiology and Haematology [3][4][5][6] . This interest arises from the following MSC characteristics: They have immunomodulatory capacities, they are multipotent and are thus possible effectors for tissue regeneration, and they tend to migrate to sites of tissue injury/inflammation [7][8][9][10][11] .…”

“…von Bahr et al [18] addressed this issue and published follow-up data of patients treated with MSCs, showing that there was no correlation between the MSC source (donor-derived or third party) and the patients' response to the MSC treatment. The clinical applications of these cells have been extensively studied in Orthopaedics, where MSCs are used to repair large bone defects, and in Haematology for the treatment of graft-vs-host disease and support for the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells [4,6,19] . In recent years, MSCs have been studied as vehicles to deliver anti-cancer treatments because there is evidence that MSCs home to tumour sites.…”

Synergistic influence of collagen I and BMP 2 drives osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A cell microarray analysis

“…In this study, we use the protein microarray format to investigate the effect of surface-immobilised proteins on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [3]. The regulation of MSC differentiation via biomaterial surfaces would translate into advances in regenerative medicine [4][5][6].…”

Imaging In Shoulder Joint Diseases

“…In present study, USG detected 14 out of 50 cases of rotator cuff tears while MRI detected 19 cases. According to Bashir et al (2014) 4 MRI is better in assessing rotator cuff tear as compared to USG because MRI shows rotator cuff tendons in axial, coronal and sagittal planes which is not possible with USG; also USG is operator dependent. MRI was observed to be 80% sensitive and 100% specific as compared to MR Arthrography for diagnosing rotator cuff tears.…”