Mesenchymal stem cell interacted with PLCL braided scaffold coated with poly‐l‐lysine/hyaluronic acid for ligament tissue engineering

Abstract

The challenge of finding an adapted scaffold for ligament tissue engineering remains unsolved after years of researches. A technology to fabricate a multilayer braided scaffold with flexible and elastic poly (l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL 85/15) has been recently pioneered by our team. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) with poly-l-lysine (PLL)/ hyaluronic acid (HA) were deposited on this scaffold. After PEM modification, polygonal (PLL) and particle-like (HA) structures were present on the braided scaffold with no significant variation of fibers Young's modulus. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) showed good metabolic activity on scaffolds. They presented a spindled shape along the fiber longitudinal direction, and crossed the fibers to form cell bridges. Collagen type I, collagen type III, and tenascin-C secreted by MSCs were detected on day 14. Moreover, one-layer modified scaffold presented increased chemotaxis. As a conclusion, our results indicate that this braided PLCL scaffold with one-layer PEM modification shows inspiring potential with satisfying mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It opens new perspectives to incorporate growth factors within PEM-modified braided PLCL scaffold for ligament tissue engineering and to recruit endogenous cells after implantation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3042-3052, 2018.

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligament/tendon tissue engineering

“…These enhanced mechanical properties promoted their extensive application in tendon and ligament scaffolds with biomimetic characteristics [116]. The morphology of the braided scaffolds made of PLCL and modified PLCL developed by Liu et al [69] are illustrated in Fig. 18a as well as the global structure of the multilayer braided scaffolds (B).…”

“…Easily manufactured [7] Acidic degradation [7] PLCL Properties can be tailored by changing the ratio of PLA:PCL. Good biocompatibility and mechanical properties; easily manufactured [69] Excessively elastic for tendon regeneration [69] 3D circular fibrous scaffold has the highest tensile loads of 907 ± 132 N, which was greater than the level for normal human physical activity. The stress-strain profile was found to be similar to that of natural ligament tissue.…”

“…The nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds fulfill the mechanical requirements for tendon TE applications and the aligned morphology promoted a remarkable uniaxial cell orientation and induced elongated cell morphology [83]. A PLCL (lactic acid/εcaprolactone proportion of 85/15) multilayered braided scaffold was produced by Liu et al [69] A layer-by-layer coating was introduced by immersing the scaffolds into poly-l-lysine solution (polycation) and subsequently into HA solution (polyanion) to promote MSCs growth, differentiation, and migration. The braided PLCL scaffold with one-layer of poly-l-lysine and HA modification shows biocompatibility and satisfying mechanical properties that may constitute a promising scaffold for ligament tissue engineering [69].…”

“…b Global structure of the multi-layer braided scaffold. The six different constitutive layers, made of 16 fibers/layer, are represented with different colors (Reprinted with permission from [69]) Table 9 The braiding and twisting angles associated to each braided scaffold, braided-twisted scaffold and twisted scaffold. Reprinted with permission from [75] a The twisting angles are arranged into structures (fiber bundles, yarns and scaffolds)…”

Characterization of Bone Marrow and Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Response on Multilayer Braided Silk and Silk/PLCL Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering

“…In our previous study [ 15 ], PLCL (poly-( l -lactide- co -ε-caprolactone)) has been used to construct a multilayer braided scaffold for tissue engineering application. The PLCL scaffold showed satisfying initial mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and encouraged the adhesion, migration, proliferation of cells as well as tissue regeneration [ 15 , 16 ]. Moreover, this scaffold exhibited high flexibility and tunable elasticity, showing potential application towards ligament regeneration.…”