Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine

Ma, Zhanjun; Yang, Jingjing; Lu, Yubao; Wang, Xuexi

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.814

Cited by 66 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…However, both proteins and non-coding RNA contained in EVs were found to participate in bone regeneration [ 19 ]. Both CM and EVs may be used for cell-free therapy, and their applications seem promising in clinical practice, not showing the ethical limits related to the use of stem cells [ 20 ].…”

Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

Gugliandolo

Fonticoli

Trubiani

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In the last few decades, tissue engineering has become one of the most studied medical fields. Even if bone shows self-remodeling properties, in some cases, due to injuries or anomalies, bone regeneration can be required. In particular, oral bone regeneration is needed in the dentistry field, where the functional restoration of tissues near the tooth represents a limit for many dental implants. In this context, the application of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appears promising for bone regeneration. This review focused on in vivo studies that evaluated bone regeneration using biomaterials with MSCs. Different biocompatible biomaterials were enriched with MSCs from different sources. These constructs showed an enhanced bone regenerative power in in vivo models. However, we discussed also a future perspective in tissue engineering using the MSC secretome, namely the conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles. This new approach has already shown promising results for bone tissue regeneration in experimental models.

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Section: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

Gugliandolo

Fonticoli

Trubiani

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Being able to therapeutically regulate MSC differentiation pathways would be a significant advance in regenerative medicine 64 . The development of compounds that promote osteogenesis would be extremely beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CREB-mediated transcriptional activation of NRMT1 drives muscle differentiation

Tooley

Catlin

Tooley

2021

Preprint

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The N-terminal methyltransferase NRMT1 is an important regulator of protein-DNA interactions and plays a role in many cellular processes, including mitosis, cell cycle progression, chromatin organization, DNA damage repair, and transcriptional regulation. Accordingly, loss of NRMT1 results in both developmental pathologies and oncogenic phenotypes. Though NRMT1 plays such important and diverse roles in the cell, little is known about its own regulation. To better understand the mechanisms governing NRMT1 expression, we first identified its predominant transcriptional start site and minimal promoter region with predicted transcription factor motifs. We then used a combination of luciferase and binding assays to confirm CREB1 as the major regulator of NRMT1 transcription. We tested which conditions known to activate CREB1 also activated NRMT1 transcription, and found CREB1-mediated NRMT1 expression was increased during recovery from serum starvation and muscle cell differentiation. To determine how NRMT1 expression affects myoblast differentiation, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out NRMT1 expression in immortalized C2C12 mouse myoblasts. C2C12 cells depleted of NRMT1 lacked Pax7 expression and were unable to proceed down the muscle differentiation pathway. Instead, they took on characteristics of C2C12 cells that have transdifferentiated into osteoblasts, including increased alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen expression and decreased proliferation. These data implicate NRMT1 as an important downstream target of CREB1 during muscle cell differentiation.

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“…Through the direct fusion with the plasma membrane of target cells, MSC-Exos deliver their content directly to the cytosol of target cells, without affecting the function of neighboring cells [ 47 ]. MSC-Exos contain all of the same immunoregulatory and pro-angiogenic factors as their parental cells and immunomodulation mediated by MSC-Exos was either similar or even better than immunomodulation accomplished by MSCs [ 47 , 48 ]. Accordingly, MSC-Exos represent potentially new immunomodulatory cell-free therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine, the efficacy of which should be explored in up-coming clinical trials.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Harrell¹,

Djonov

Volarević

2021

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine

Cited by 66 publications

References 171 publications

Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

Oral Bone Tissue Regeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Secretome, and Biomaterials

CREB-mediated transcriptional activation of NRMT1 drives muscle differentiation

The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

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