Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes in preeclampsia: A next‐generation therapeutic tool

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a major gestational disorder that causes both long‐ and short‐term damage to both the mother and the fetus. Endometrium decidualization and the formation of the placenta are orchestrated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs obtained from patients with PE exhibit an elevated rate of aging and apoptosis, which impairs the interplay between MSCs and endothelium, trophoblast, and immune cells in the placenta, accelerating the onset of PE. Preclinical and clinical evidence imply that the MSC‐based therapy approach for PE is prospective. Importantly, as a novel cell‐free approach, MSC‐derived exosomes can improve symptoms and maternal–fetal survival in PE models by raising cell metabolism, encouraging angiogenesis balance, and regulating immune responses. Even following allogeneic administration, the likelihood of immune rejection is very limited as a result of the small quantity of exosome membrane‐bound proteins. Furthermore, because exosomes do not expand, developing tumors is not probable. As a result, MSC‐derived exosomes show superiority over MSCs in terms of safety. For the first time, we outline the properties of MSC‐exosomes and highlight their functions and potential as a new paradigm for PE therapy in this review.

Exploring the role of exosomal MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in preeclampsia

“…Recent studies indicate that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs arise from the synthesis of soluble paracrine factors, rather than their ability to differentiate ( 77 ). Particularly, exosomes alone have been established in studies to be responsible for the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs in PE therapy ( 78 ). Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have the potential to delay the progression of PE and enhance outcomes by improving trophoblast function and placental angiogenesis, regulating immune responses, and reducing inflammation and OS ( 79 ).…”