Mesenchymal stem cell and bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy for cardiomyopathy: From bench to bedside

Abstract

To date, stem cell-based therapies for cardiac diseases have not achieved any significant clinical accomplishment. Globally, numerous patients are currently treated with autologous stem cells. The safety and practicality of this technique have been well-examined, its disadvantages have been recognized, and many trials have been proposed. Inadequate description of the implemented cell types, a variety of cell-handling proficiencies, and concerning factors related to autologous stem cells have been known as the central elements restricting the approval of cell-based therapies. The idea that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells could be applied to regenerate and cure damage in various organs is the basis for bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) therapy for heart disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a part of the BMMNCs; on one hand, they have the capability to differentiate into various tissues, and, on the other, their immunomodulatory effects have been considered and clinically confirmed in different experiments. In this review, we summarize the knowledge obtained by trials in which mesenchymal cell-based therapy has been practiced. Furthermore, we accentuate the developments in the purification and lineage specification of MSCs as well as BMMNCs that have influenced the progress of future stem cell-based therapies with special attention on cardiovascular disease.

Human Bone Marrow Cell Extracts Mitigate Radiation Injury to Salivary Gland

“…Other minor cell fractions (<0.1% in human BM samples) exist but are more time-consuming to separate, and their low yield would become a limitation for clinical applications. An additional reason for focusing on these specific major classes of BMC was the reported therapeutic potentials of MC or GC to treat conditions such as brain, cardiac, and SG injury (Kumar et al 2009; Yeghiazarians et al 2010; Cox et al 2017; Dolati et al 2019). MC is a heterogeneous fraction comprising diverse cell types, including differentiated cells (lymphocytes, monocytes) and progenitor cells (hematopoietic, endothelial progenitor, mesenchymal stromal, and small embryonic-like stem cells).…”

The effects of Nutlin‐3 on morphology, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in rat primary mesenchymal stem cells

“…A well bone marrow microenvironment is essential for repopulation of normal hematopoietic cells after chemotherapeutic treatment (Dolati et al, ). MSCs have been previously shown resistance to various anticancer treatments such as cisplatin and ionizing radiation (Mueller et al, ; Nicolay et al, ; ).…”

“…These cells consist of a heterogeneous group of adult multipotent stromal cells that can be spotted in numerous tissues, such as bone marrow (Moroni & Fornasari, 2013). MSCs are the best choice of stem cells for tissue regeneration owing to their outstanding capabilities for proliferation and differentiation (Dolati et al, 2018). They have demonstrated useful for the regeneration of organ injury caused by numerous anticancer agents in animal models (Moghadasali et al, 2014;Ortiz et al, 2003).…”

Prospect of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of osteoporosis: A review

“…MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in approximately all postnatal organs and tissues, for example BM, AD, skeletal muscle tissue, liver, lung tissue, placentae, dental pulp, cervical tissue, dermal tissue, and the UC (S. Dolati and M. Yousefi et al, ; Schneider, Unger, van Griensven, & Balmayor, ). MSCs are capable of differentiating into various cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes (Dominici et al, ).…”