Mesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.

Wakitani, Shigeyuki; Goto, Tatsuhiko; Pineda, Stephen; Young, Randell G.; Mansour, Joseph M.; Caplan, Arnold I.; Goldberg, Victor M.

doi:10.2106/00004623-199404000-00013

Cited by 1,466 publications

(1,029 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…At 2 weeks, a 68-fold increase in non-chondrocytic cells was measured. The sources of this cellular proliferation appear to reside mostly in such tissues as bone marrow [42,43] and subacromial bursa [40] and less in the tendon stump. We believe that the bone marrow from the greater tuberosity exposed at the time of surgery constitutes the most prominent source of cells and vessels in the current model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of a new enthesis after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon: A quantitative histologic study in rabbits

2005

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Purpose. To quantify in a longitudinal study non-chondrocytic cells and chondrocytes, tissular architecture as well as extracellular matrix restoration during the formation of an enthesis following supraspinatus tendon attachment to the humerus. Methods. In 89 rabbits, one supraspinatus fibrocartilaginous enthesis was resected and the tendon either attached to the greater tuberosity (n = 75) or not attached ( n = 14). The animals were sacrificed after 2, 6, 8, 12 or 24 weeks. The operated and contralateral shoulders were processed for histologic sections. Number of non-chondrocytes, chondrocytes and alignment of chondrocytes in rows were assessed histologically. Extracellular matrix restoration was measured based on ( 1 ) area of toluidine blue metachromasia indicating proteoglycan content and (2) on area of diffracted polarized light indicating spatial collagen fiber alignment. Results. In the attached tendon, the number of non-chondrocytic cells sharply increased at 2 weeks, progressively decreased thereafter but remained higher than controls at all time points. Chondrocytes appeared at 2 weeks and their number reached control levels by 6 weeks (136 f 14 vs 144 5 15 controls, p .05). The percentage of chondrocytes aligned in rows increased from 19 k 4% at 2 weeks to reach near normal values at 24 weeks (71 f 3% vs 78 5 2% controls, p > .05). Area of metachromasia increased from 0.1 f 0.1 mm2 at 2 weeks to 3.8 k 0.3 mm2 at 24 weeks, still below contralateral enthesis levels (4.6 f 0.1 mm2, p < .05). Area of diffracted polarized light enlarged from 12 5 2 x lo3 pm2 at 2 weeks to 151 k 19 x lo3 pm2 at 24 weeks, still significantly smaller than contralateral levels (177 k 13 x lo3 pm', p < .05). Neither chondrocytes nor metachromasia were observed in the non-attached tendons. Conclusion. A new enthesis was formed after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon into bony trough. Histomorphometry allowed to document extensive non-chondrocytic proliferation that was followed by appearance of chondrocytes and their spatial organization, a process was complete by 24 weeks. Extracellular matrix formation as well as spatial alignment of collagen fibers were delayed and not complete by 24 weeks. This first longitudinal investigation on the formation of the supraspinatus enthesis using quantitative outcome measures cautions against too early and too aggressive a rehabilitation program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of a new enthesis after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon: A quantitative histologic study in rabbits

2005

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“…Bentley et al [2] also reported that second-look arthroscopy at 1 year demonstrated excellent or good functional outcomes (defined as a score of [ 50) in 82% after ACI by the Cincinnati rating system and Stanmore functional rating system. In an animal study, Wakitani et al [29] reported that uniform differentiation of osteochondral progenitor cells into chondrocytes throughout the defects took place as early as 2 weeks posttransplantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-based Therapy Improves Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Patellar Osteochondritis Dissecans

Teo

Buhary

Tai

et al. 2013

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Recent advances have been made in using chondrocytes and other cell-based therapy to treat cartilage defects in adults. However, it is unclear whether these advances should be extended to the adolescent and young adult-aged patients. Questions/purposes We assessed cell-based surgical therapy for patellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in adolescents and young adults by (1) determining function with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and Lysholm-Gillquist scores; and (2) evaluating activity level using the Tegner-Lysholm scale. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients between 12 and 21 years of age (mean 16.8 years) treated for OCD lesions involving the patella from 2001 to 2008. Twenty patients had autologous chondrocyte implantation and three patients had cultured bone marrow stem cell implantation. There were 19 males and four females. We obtained preoperative CT scans to assess patella subluxation, tilt, and congruence angle to determine choice of treatment. We obtained IKDC subjective knee evaluation scores, Tegner-Lysholm activity levels, and LysholmGillquist knee scores preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results Mean IKDC score, Tegner-Lysholm outcomes, and Lysholm-Gillquist scale improved from 45, 2.5, and 50, respectively, at surgery to 75, 4, and 70, respectively, at 24-month followup. Complications include periosteal hypertrophy observed in two patients. Conclusion Cell-based therapy was associated with shortterm improvement in function in adolescents and young adults with patellar

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“…These cells differentiated into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages in vitro, including bone (Beresford et al, 1993), ligament (Altman et al, 2002), adipose (Beresford et al, 1992), cartilage (Johnstone et al, 1998; and muscle (Wakitani et al, 1995). Similarly, following transplantation of CFU-Fs in vivo, they formed small deposits of bone, cartilage or fat (Friedenstein et al, 1982;Ashton et al, 1980;Casser-Bette et al, 1990;Wakitani et al, 1994). This further supported the multipotent potential of CFU-Fs.…”

Section: Bone Marrow-derived Stromal Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…a larger hyaline composition, adequate structural reorganization and thus better biomechanical properties. Wakitani et al (1994) reported on the successful use of MSCs in a type I collagen gel to repair carpine chondral defects. This was translated successfully to clinical practice.…”

Section: Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on stem cells and their applications in regenerative medicine

Bajada

Mazakova

Richardson

et al. 2008

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

305

188

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Mesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.

Cited by 1,466 publications

References 51 publications

Formation of a new enthesis after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon: A quantitative histologic study in rabbits

Formation of a new enthesis after attachment of the supraspinatus tendon: A quantitative histologic study in rabbits

Cell-based Therapy Improves Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Patellar Osteochondritis Dissecans

Updates on stem cells and their applications in regenerative medicine

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