Mesencephalic enlarged Virchow–Robin spaces in a 6-year-old boy: a case-based update

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the phenomenon of perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces and their treatment options and review the relevant literature. To our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case of tumefactive dilatation of the Virchow-Robin spaces causing obstructive hydrocephalus that were directly fenestrated using neuroendoscopy.

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter

“…37 Enlarged VRS can develop along the cingulate gyrus. 38 As in the present study, the majority of structural brain changes reported in HIV infection are localized to subcortical gray matter structures and white matter, adjacent to VRS. Previously we found that detectable PBMC HIV DNA was related to gray matter loss in the bilateral insula, cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex near the optic tract.…”

Multi-cystic white matter enlarged Virchow Robin spaces in a 5-year-old boy

“…Rarely, the VRS may reach giant sizes and cause a mass effect that may be misdiagnosed as a neoplasm [21]. Fayeye et al reported a 6-year-old boy with hydrocephalus and third nerve malfunction due to enlarged VRS [6]. [4].…”

“…Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are perivascular, pial-lined areas in the brain that surrounds small arteries and can be seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [6,9]. On MRI sequences, VRS are fluid-filled spaces, and their signal intensities are identical to those of cerebrospinal fluid [4,22].…”

“…T1-weighted images show hyposignal intensity [4]. By the radiological appearances, that can be differentiated from cystic neoplasia, parasitic infections, cystic infarction, and some metabolic disorders [6,10,13]. VRS can occur in many different locations, and the most common location is around the lenticulostriate arteries.…”

Neuroendoscopic options in the treatment of mesencephalic expanding cysts: Report of four cases and review of the literature

“…4b), and the patient's signs and symptoms regressed, except for the oculomotor deficit. authors: expanding lacunae [7,9,10], expanding Virchow-Robin spaces [11], benign expanding cerebral cysts [7], giant dilations of perivascular spaces [3,5,12] or enlarged perivascular spaces [4,13], and oddly enough, virchomas [5]. Some of the names clearly recall the possible pathogenesis of these cystic lesions, considered by most authors to be merely an excessive dilation of Virchow-Robin physiological perivascular spaces (PVSs), which can be found anywhere in the brain [14].…”