“…It can be differently regulated by epileptic and ischemic insults in the rodent brain and heart (Apostolou et al, 2008; Lindholm et al, 2008; Tadimalla et al, 2008). Besides, large studies indicate that MANF can not only protect cultured nigral dopaminergic neurons and suppress cell proliferation and ERS-induced cell death, but also can affect cell morphology and size in non-neuronal cells (Petrova et al, 2004; Lindholm et al, 2007; Airavaara et al, 2009; Palgi et al, 2009; Voutilainen et al, 2009; Yu et al, 2010; Commissiong, 2012; Shen et al, 2012; Zhao et al, 2013; Yang et al, 2014; Cordero-Llana et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2015). Moreover, recently reported on science displayed that intravitreal injection recombinant MANF could promote alternative activation of innate immune cells, enhance neuroprotection and tissue repair, and improve the success of photoreceptor replacement therapies in the retina (Neves et al, 2016).…”