such orbital injuries were likely more prevalent. One well documented case was that of King Henry II of France, a jousting enthusiast, who arranged a tournament to celebrate the joint weddings of his daughter to King Philip II of Spain and his sister to the Duke of Savoy in early July 1559. 5 As he hurtled toward his opponent, Montgomery, the young captain of the King's Scots Guard, the captain's lance knocked the visor of the King's helmet open, and wood fragments penetrated his right orbit and forehead. 6 In spite of removal of some wooden fragments, egg white soaks by the court physicians, bloodletting, and expert consultation by the renowned anatomist Antonius Vesalius, the King's condition worsened over several days. 7 Although our subject benefitted from advanced imaging, combined surgical techniques, and systemic antibiotics, these techniques were not available to the wealthy king, leading to his demise.