MERS-CoV in the COVID-19 era: update from Saudi Arabia, 2019–2020

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. Aims: This study aimed to provide an update on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia from January 2019 to October 2020. Methods: Data on all laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection in Saudi Arabia from January 2019 to 20 October 2020 were retrieved from the Health Electronic Surveillance Network of the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia. Data collected were: demographic characteristics of cases, clinical course of the infection, related mortality and association with exposure to confirmed cases or camels. Results: In total, 299 cases of MERS-CoV infection were reported in the study period. The mean age of cases was 52.4 years. Most of the cases were males (78.9%) and had comorbidities (72.7%), and 11.9% of cases were health care providers. Of the 299 cases, 83 (27.7%) died. Older age and having comorbidities were associated with higher mortality. Exposure to camels was associated with lower mortality. Health care providers also had a lower mortality rate than non-health care providers. Compared with COVID-19, MERS-CoV infection still has a higher mortality rate but with a more predictable pattern and an anticipated deterioration. Conclusion: MERS-CoV infection remains a public health concern. The percentage of cases that were health care providers (11.9%) is lower than previously reported (19.1–25.0%), possibly due to the various preventive measures put in place to control COVID-19.

A Palmitic Acid-Conjugated, Peptide-Based pan-CoV Fusion Inhibitor Potently Inhibits Infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Other Variants of Concern

“…Thus, the growing list of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and other emerging sarbecoviruses calls for the urgent development of antivirals with broad applicability and improved anti-coronavirus activity. It should be noted that MERS-CoV is still circulating in the Middle East region [ 36 ]. Several cases of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV co-infection were identified in Saudi Arabia [ 37 ], and both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV could infect type-II alveolar cells [ 38 ].…”

Pan‐coronavirus fusion inhibitors to combat COVID‐19 and other emerging coronavirus infectious diseases

“… 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 In addition, MERS‐CoV is still circulating in the Middle East region and has the potential to coinfect people, together with SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs. 11 Other animal‐derived CoVs may also cross species and cause disease in humans. 12 …”

“…However, some emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs), especially Omicron and its sublineages, have breached the protective efficacy provided by the current COVID‐19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies 6–10 . In addition, MERS‐CoV is still circulating in the Middle East region and has the potential to coinfect people, together with SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs 11 . Other animal‐derived CoVs may also cross species and cause disease in humans 12 …”

“…[6][7][8][9][10] In addition, MERS-CoV is still circulating in the Middle East region and has the potential to coinfect people, together with SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. 11 Other animal-derived CoVs may also cross species and cause disease in humans. 12 These data call for the development of pan-coronavirus (pan-CoV) vaccines and therapeutics to protect people from infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as other emerging and reemerging HCoVs.…”