Meroterpenoids with a large conjugated system from Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activities against renal fibrosis

Insights into Ganoderma fungi meroterpenoids opening a new era of racemic natural products in mushrooms

“…Analogs of 62 comprising a conjugated double bond occurred in G. petchii were named petchienes B and C (79 and 81), 55 and in G. lucidum were named lucidumins C and D (80 and 82), and baoslingzhines B-D (83-87), 36,58 respectively. Of which, the structure of lucidumin D (82) was proposed as same as it of petchiene C (81), but claimed to have different NMR data.…”

“…36 The elucidation of the absolute stereochemistry of (±)-baoslingzhines C and D (84-87) was accomplished by ECD calculations. 58 Petchiene B (79) was reported to be beneficial for increasing intracellular free calcium concentration in HEK-293 cells. 55 Lucidumins C and D (80 and 82) possessed the reported effects of neuroprotection and anti-inflammation.…”

“…36 Moreover, baoslingzhine B (83) and (+)-baoslingzhine D (86) were discovered dose-dependent suppressive activity toward extracellular matrix in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52e cells. 58 Structurally similar GMs (±)-australin A (88 and 89) and (±)-petchiene D (90 and 91) were generated from G.…”

“…46,52,54,88 GMs comprising a terminal 6/6 fused ring motif are presented by cochlearols N-P (391, 392, and 394) from G. cochlear, ganoresinain D (393) from G. resinaceum, and baoslingzhine A (395) from G. lucidum. 33,56,58,72 The absolute stereochemistry elucidation of cochlearols N-P (391, 392, and 394) was accomplished by ECD calculations, and those of ganoresinain D (393) and (±)-cochlearol Q (348 and 349) have not yet been established.…”

“…35,79,90 Ganoleucin A (427) and baoslingzhine E (428) comprising an eleven-membered ring motif, were elucidated from G. leucocontextum and G. lucidum, respectively. 58,77 Their structures were proposed by spectroscopic and Rh 2 (OCOCF 3 ) 4 induced CD methods. Moreover, ganoleucin A (427) was developed α-glucosidase inhibitory effect.…”