Meroterpenoids and alkaloids from Ganoderma australe

Abstract

Two new mertoterpenoids, australins A (1) and B (2), and a new alkaloid, australine (4), together with five known compounds (3, 5-8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by using spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Racemic australin A was further purified by chiral HPLC.Biological assessments reveal that compounds (+)-1 and 7 could significantly protect SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity.

Structures and Biological Activities of Alkaloids Produced by Mushrooms, a Fungal Subgroup

“…Ganocochlearine A ( 106 ), the non-hydroxylated form of 105, was isolated together with ganocochlearine B ( 107 ) from Ganoderma cochlear [ 64 ]. Ganocochlearine A ( 106 ) was later isolated from Ganoderma australe , showing the protective activity of SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity and, consequently, its potential as a drug against neurodegenerative disorders [ 65 ]. Ganocochlearine A ( 106 ) was also later obtained from Ganoderma lucidum and exhibits remarkable neuroprotective (EC 50 = 2.49 μM) and anti-inflammatory activities (IC 50 = 4.68 μM) [ 66 ].…”

“…The results are described in 280 articles and 101 patents that contain the term "psilocin", as well as 924 articles and 176 patents for "psilocybin", as can be found for this period in the Scifinder database. Indeed, psilocin-mushrooms containing psilocin (64), psilocybin (65), and psilacetin (66, Figure 5) have been suggested as viable chemotherapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 [107].…”

“…Norpsilocin (67) was isolated for the first time in 2017 (from Psilocybe cubensis) and its psychoactive properties, with an agonist activity of the human 5-HT 2A receptor close to that of psilocin (64), were also described [110]. Recently, effects in time estimation and cognition in in vivo assays for norpsilocin (67) were estimated, while both psilocin (64) and psilocybin (65) produced unspecific effects in these two parameters [111].…”

“…The known compounds were identified as lingzhine C; ganocalicine B (109); and ganocochlearines A, C, and H (106, 110 and 115). Australine (124) and ganocochlearine A (106) and showed a significant protection ability against SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity at 10 µM [65]. Previously, a new tetrahydroxy pyrrolizidine alkaloid, named australine, was isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum australe and was shown to be a potent and specific inhibitor of amyloglucosidase [134].…”

[20(22)E]-Lanostane Triterpenes from the Fungus Ganoderma australe

“…However, this fungus has rarely been chemically investigated compared to other Ganoderma species, such as G. lucidum , G. cochlear , and G. sinense . Previous studies on this fungus have led to the isolation of lanostane triterpenes [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], meroterpenoids [ 22 , 23 ], and alkaloids [ 22 ]. The lanostanoids from this species are over-oxygenated compared to the ones isolated from other species of Ganoderma , especially the position of C-20 [ 18 , 20 ].…”