Mercury speciation in liquid petroleum products: Comparison between on-site approach and lab measurement using size exclusion chromatography with high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection (SEC-ICP-HR MS)

Gaulier, Florine; Gibert, Alexandre; Walls, David; Langford, Michael; Baker, Stuart; Baudot, Arnaud; Porcheron, Fabien; Lienemann, Charles-Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.10.024

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Background corrected 2 D map obtained from the experiment confirmed not only non-homogeneous distribution of the analyte but also formation of large Hg containing aggregates (Figure 3). In a recent study Gaulier, et al, 34 identified formed Hg aggregates as HgS particles using scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The average size of the particles was found to be 1 µm in diameter and the particles formed aggregates of 5 -10 µm in size.…”

Section: Hg Species Quantification By Species Specific Isotope Dilutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hg Speciation in Petroleum Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on the Reactivity of Hg Particles

et al. 2015

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Particulate HgS is generally thought to be the most abundant Hg species in stored petroleum hydrocarbons stocked onshore. It is also assumed that due to its high stability constant, HgS is chemically inert. However, results from the current study would suggest otherwise. Firstly, a comparison study of the analytical performance of ICP-MS and CV-AFS with respect to matrix effect, showed no significant difference in the measured Hg concentrations in studied samples when CV-AFS is used in the alkali mode. Subsequently, the suitability of three quantification methods during Hg speciation was investigated. Both external calibration and standard addition methods resulted troublesome with the former showing matrix dependence and the latter being hindered by the formation of an emulsion during the derivatisation step. Results from species-specific isotope dilution (SS-ID-GC-ICP-MS), on the other hand, performed at different equilibration times, showed a random variation in the calculated Hg 2+ concentration (RSD 32%), 2 suggesting that factors independent of equilibration time cause the observed variation. Further sedimentation of Hg particulate by means of ultracentrifugation improved the precision of SS-ID-GC-ICP-MS by 10-fold. These results would suggest that Hg particles in petroleum products are reactive at low temperature during Grignard alkylation.

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Section: Hg Species Quantification By Species Specific Isotope Dilutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hg Speciation in Petroleum Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on the Reactivity of Hg Particles

et al. 2015

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“…Hg in oil, air, and water is reported to occur as elemental Hg(0), and as a variety of Hg(I) (mercurous) and Hg(II) (mercuric) species depending on redox conditions. − Each of these species will have a range of volatility, stability, and solubility in oil and in water that will affect its behavior in the oil and gas value chain. Thus, a better understanding of the mercury speciation of solids in crude oil and solid byproducts in the refining process is critical to (i) most efficiently manage byproducts to avoid the release of Hg and (ii) to the success of strategies used to remove mercury from crude oil, before it is shipped and refined, thereby collecting the Hg at the initial extraction stage rather than dispersing the Hg into the downstream processing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain

Avellan

Stegemeier

Gai

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas condensate can contain low levels of mercury (Hg). The speciation of Hg can affect its behavior during processing, transport, and storage so efficient and safe management of Hg requires an understanding of its chemical form in oil, gas and byproducts. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg speciation in samples of solid residues collected throughout the petroleum value chain including stabilized crude oil residues, sediments from separation tanks and condensate glycol dehydrators, distillation column pipe scale, and biosludge from wastewater treatment. In all samples except glycol dehydrators, metacinnabar (β-HgS) was the primary form of Hg. Electron microscopy on particles from a crude sediment showed nanosized (<100 nm) particles forming larger aggregates, and confirmed the colocalization of Hg and sulfur. In sediments from glycol dehydrators, organic Hg(SR) accounted for ∼60% of the Hg, with ∼20% present as β-HgS and/or Hg(SR) species. β-HgS was the predominant Hg species in refinery biosludge and pipe scale samples. However, the balance of Hg species present in these samples depended on the nature of the crude oil being processed, i.e. sweet (low sulfur crudes) vs sour (higher sulfur crudes). This information on Hg speciation in the petroleum value chain will inform development of better engineering controls and management practices for Hg.

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“…Even though the sorption affinity of Hg−alkyl thiol was lower than that for dissolved Hg(II) species in water, it effectively removes Hg at concentrations that have been found in petroleum products. 56,57 A dose of 50 mg L −1 removed over 80% of the Hg−alkyl thiol in n-dodecane, when the initial mercury concentration was less than 2 mg L −1 with K d = 8.6 × 10 4 mL g −1 (Figure S5c). This is more than 100 times greater than the reported K d of thiol-functionalized porous silica material for removing ionic mercury species in oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic Thiol Polymer Nanogel Removes Environmentally Relevant Mercury Species from Both Produced Water and Hydrocarbons

Zhang

Bland

Yan

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Technologies for removal of mercury from produced water and hydrocarbon phases are desired by oil and gas production facilities, oil refineries, and petrochemical plants. Herein, we synthesize and demonstrate the efficacy of an amphiphilic, thiol-abundant (11.8 wt % S, as thiol) polymer nanogel that can remove environmentally relevant mercury species from both produced water and the liquid hydrocarbon. The nanogel disperses in both aqueous and hydrocarbon phases. It has a high sorption affinity for dissolved Hg(II) complexes and Hg–dissolved organic matter complexes found in produced water and elemental (Hg0) and soluble Hg–alkyl thiol species found in hydrocarbons. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis indicates that the sorbed mercury is transformed to a surface-bound Hg(SR)2 species in both water and hydrocarbon regardless of its initial speciation. The nanogel had high affinity to native mercury species present in real produced water (>99.5% removal) and in natural gas condensate (>85% removal) samples, removing majority of the mercury species using only a 50 mg L–1 applied dose. This thiolated amphiphilic polymeric nanogel has significant potential to remove environmentally relevant mercury species from both water and hydrocarbon at low applied doses, outperforming reported sorbents like sulfur-impregnated activated carbons because of the mass of accessible thiol groups in the nanogel.

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Mercury speciation in liquid petroleum products: Comparison between on-site approach and lab measurement using size exclusion chromatography with high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection (SEC-ICP-HR MS)

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Hg Speciation in Petroleum Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on the Reactivity of Hg Particles

Hg Speciation in Petroleum Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on the Reactivity of Hg Particles

Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain

Amphiphilic Thiol Polymer Nanogel Removes Environmentally Relevant Mercury Species from Both Produced Water and Hydrocarbons

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