Mercury speciation analysis in sea water by solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ethyl and propyl derivatization. Matrix effects evaluation

Dithizone-functionalized solid phase extraction–displacement elution-high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for mercury speciation in water samples

“…Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Analytical grade HCOOH, HCOONa, NH 3 ·H 2 O, NH 4 Ac, Na 2 S 2 O 3 , cysteine, NaCl as well as GR grade KOH, HCl, HNO 3 were from Beijing Chemical Factory (Beijing, China). Humic acid was from Aldrich (Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wisconsin).…”

“…Moreover, the ethylation-based method cannot be used for ethylmercury determination. In recent years, other pre-concentration methods were reported including solid phase micro-extraction [3][4][5], liquid phase micro-extraction [6][7][8], cloud point extraction [9,10] and solid phase extraction (SPE) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For solid phase micro-extraction, derivatization procedure such as hyride, ethylation or phenylation derivatization is often necessary to transform inoganic mercury (IHg) and organomercurials into their volatile species.…”

“…Dithizone-anchored poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) microbeads were synthesized to pre-concentrate inorganic and organic mercury compounds. However, elution by CuSO 4 or HNO 3 solution and extraction with benzene were needed to adapt with gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry determination [20]. Recently, a simple pre-functionalization of home-made or commercially available C18 SPE procedure with hydrophobic pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDC) or dithizone was reported for trapping IHg and MeHg in water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) or UV determination [14,18].…”

Application of Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Derivatization for Polar Compound Sampling in Environmental Analysis

“…HS-SPME technique is widely used for extracting various kinds of chemicals. Among them, in-vial (in situ) derivatization is frequently used for haloacetic acids (HAAs) [21,23] and acetic acid [67], aldehyde compounds [25,124,165], phenoxy acid herbicides [68], phenolic pollutants [17,18,82,91,159], aliphatic amines [120,125], acaricide fenbutatin oxide (FBTO) [131], acetone [111], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as venlafaxine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline [97], and organometallic compounds such as organotin [29,31,86,87,127,128,138,139,160], organolead [31,86,89,160], and organomercury [31,128,129,140,160]. On-fiber in situ derivatization is used for analyzing chemicals such as aldehyde compounds [27,105,164], carbonyls compounds [28], and thiol compounds [171].…”

Environmental application of elemental speciation analysis based on liquid or gas chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry—A review

“…ethylation, propylation, Grignard) followed by GC-ICP-MS for speciated IDMS analysis [122]. More recently, Bravo-Sánchez et al used alkylation and solid phase microextraction in combination with GC-ICP-MS for mercury speciation analysis in sea water [123]. With the optimized procedure for both, inorganic mercury and MeHg + , detection limits at sub-ng L −1 levels were obtained.…”