Mercury release from dental amalgam after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide in vitro

Rotstein, Ilan; Doǧan, Hatice; Avron, Yael; Steinberg, Doron

doi:10.1067/moe.2000.102160

Cited by 27 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8] It was found here that the release of mercury from biofilmcoated amalgam was lower than that of noncoated amalgam. Retardation in mercury release, from biofilm-coated amalgam in the presence of bleaching agents, can be a result of two mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[5][6][7][8] In addition, variance in release of mercury was found between different brands of amalgam after exposure to CP. [5][6][7] Factors found to enhance mercury release were duration of treatment, age of amalgam, unpolished surfaces, and acidic pH. 8 Mercury released from dental amalgam during mouthguard bleaching can be absorbed by the oral mucosa as well as by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of amalgam to common bleaching agents caused an increase of mercury levels on the external surfaces of amalgam restorations, 4 as well as additional mercury released into the surrounding liquid. [5][6][7][8] In addition, variance in release of mercury was found between different brands of amalgam after exposure to CP. [5][6][7] Factors found to enhance mercury release were duration of treatment, age of amalgam, unpolished surfaces, and acidic pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of dental biofilm on release of mercury from amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide

2003

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Tooth bleaching is a popular procedure in modern aesthetic dentistry. Bleaching agents may affect amalgam restorations by altering the release of mercury. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of biofilm-coated amalgam restorations on the release of mercury in the presence of carbamide peroxide. Samples of SDI and Valliant amalgams were submerged for either 14 days or 7 months in buffered KCl after which they were coated with saliva, bacteria, and polysaccharides. The samples were exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) for 24 h. The amount of mercury released was examined for 120 h. Results showed that most of mercury release occurred within the first 24 h, after which the release rate decreased sharply. After 120 h the release of mercury from the tested samples was minimal and similar to the control group. The presence of biofilm coating on the amalgam samples did not induce the release of mercury but tended to reduce mercury release into the surrounding environment. CP induces the release of mercury from amalgam samples. However, the presence of biofilm did not prevent large amounts of mercury release from amalgam coated with biofilms and exposed to CP. This study indicates that dental biofilm may retard the release of mercury from amalgam restorations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of dental biofilm on release of mercury from amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide

2003

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“…Mackert and Berglund 15 reported similar levels of mercury release in their tests. Rotstein et al 16 tested the effects of 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent on four different amalgams and reported mercury release to be in the range 23-161 mg ml À1 (23,000-161,000 mg/l) after 48 h treatment. While there are also a few reports that suggested HP has no significant effect on restorative materials 10,17 the weight of evidence to the contrary means that this still remains a source of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[9][10][11][12] They have also been reported to increase mercury release from dental j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 3 5 ( 2 0 0 7 ) 1 7 2 -1 7 6 amalgams. [13][14][15][16] Data from the latter studies is summarised below, with our own calculation of ion release provided in brackets to assist comparison. Robertello et al 13 tested three peroxide containing commercial tooth bleaching agents and saline control on a high copper amalgam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on metal ion release from dental amalgam

Al-Salehi

Hatton

McLeod

et al. 2007

Journal of Dentistry

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Undesirable and adverse effects of tooth-whitening products: a review

2009

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Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a powerful oxidising agent. It gives rise to agents known to be effective bleaching agents. The mechanisms of bleaching involve the degradation of the extracellular matrix and oxidation of chromophores located within enamel and dentin. However, H(2)O(2) produces also local undesirable effects on tooth structures and oral mucosa. In clinical conditions, the daily low-level doses used to produce tooth whitening never generate general acute and sub-acute toxic effects. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity only occur at concentrations that are never reached during dental treatments. Some transient adverse effects have been reported on the oral mucosa and the digestive tract if the product is swallowed. Local effects may occur on the oral mucosa and dental tissues during whitening, namely, pulp sensitivity, cervical resorption, release of selected components of dental restorative materials, and alteration of the enamel surface. Most of the local effects are dependent of the technique and concentration of the product so far used, but as the results of bleaching obtained are not stable, repeated treatments add to the adverse effects. The informed decision to administer or not and the control of bleaching effects should stand in the hand of dental surgeons and certainly not as it appears at present, as cosmetics sold without any restriction despite the potential health hazards of peroxides.

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Mercury release from dental amalgam after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide in vitro

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of dental biofilm on release of mercury from amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide

Influence of dental biofilm on release of mercury from amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide

The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on metal ion release from dental amalgam

Undesirable and adverse effects of tooth-whitening products: a review

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