Mercury Physicochemical and Biogeochemical Transformation in the Atmosphere and at Atmospheric Interfaces: A Review and Future Directions

Abstract

Hg 0 + I 2 → HgI 2 Absolute N 2 , 1 atm 296 ± 1 < (1.27 ± 0.58) × 10 -19 Raofie et al. 2 M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP High pressure limit 3.94 × 10 -14 T 1.06 e -159080/RT Auzmendi-Murua et al. 3 Hg 0 + I → HgI RRKM/B3LYP N 2 , 1 atm 180-400 4.0 × 10 -13 (T/298) -2.38 Goodsite et al. 4 Hg 0 + Br 2 → HgBr 2 Absolute Air, N 2 , 1 atm 298 ± 1 < (9 ± 2) × 10 -17 Ariya et al. 5 Absolute Air, 1 atm ∼298 No reaction detected Sumner et al. 6 Absolute Air, 1 atm 296 (6.0 ± 0.5) × 10 -17 Liu et al. 7 CCSD(T)/AVTZ 1 atm 298-2000 1.62 -9 e -110800/RT Wilcox and Okano 8 M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP High pressure limit 4.70 × 10 -14 T 1.06 e -169190/RT Auzmendi-Murua et al. 3 Hg 0 + BrO → HgBrO Relative N 2 , 1 atm 298 10 -15 < k < 10 -13 Raofie and Ariya 9 Hg 0 + Br → HgBr Ab initio N/A, 1 atm 1.01 × 10 -12 e 1738/RT Khalizov et al. 10 RRKM/B3LYP N 2 , 1 atm 200-300 3.7 × 10 -13 (T/298) -2.76 Goodsite et al. 4 ; Goodsite et al. 11 Absolute N 2 , 0.26-0.79 atm 243-293 (1.46 ± 0.36) × 10 -32 [cm 6 molec -2 s -1 ] Donohoue et al. 12 (T/298) (-1.86±1.49) CCSD(T) Ar, 1 atm 260 1.2 × 10 -12 Shepler et al. 13 Relative Air, N 2 , 1 atm 298 ± 1 (3.2 ± 0.9) × 10 -12 Ariya et al. 5 Absolute CF 3 Br, 0.26 atm 397 ~3 × 10 -16 molec -1 s -1 Greig, G. et al. 14 CCSD(T)/AVTZ 1 atm 298-2000 6.64 × 10 -14 (T/298) -0.859 Wilcox and Okano HgBr + Br → HgBr 2 Absolute CF 3 Br, 0.26 atm 397 ~7 × 10 -14 Greig, G. et al. 14 RRKM/B3LYP N 2 , 1 atm 180-400 2.5 × 10 -10 (T/298) -0.57 Goodsite et al. 4 CCSD(T)/AVTZ 1 atm 298-2000 3.32 × 10 -12 (T/298) -9.18 Wilcox and Okano CCSD(T)/aVTZ 1 atm 298 6.33 × 10 -11 Dibble et al. 15 ; Wang et al.

Recent Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

“…Mercury has been widely used in electrochemistry, in optical spectroscopy, in liquid mirror telescopes and also in medicine. However, tragic outbreaks of mercury-induced diseases have occurred in many areas of the world over the years, particularly in Japan and Iraq [4]. Mercury toxicity depends on its chemical species, with methylmercury being highly toxic.…”

“…Mercury speciation significantly affects the rates of dry and wet deposition and subsequently, the atmospheric lifetimes of different Hg species [11]. For example, gaseous elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) has been estimated to have an atmospheric lifetime of about one year [4,12], which render sit subject to long-range transportation across the globe. However, atmospheric oxidation of Hg 0 to HgBr 2 will make mercury more subject to deposition, due to the low solubility of Hg 0 and high solubility of HgBr 2 in atmospheric droplets.…”

“…However, atmospheric oxidation of Hg 0 to HgBr 2 will make mercury more subject to deposition, due to the low solubility of Hg 0 and high solubility of HgBr 2 in atmospheric droplets. The deposition of oxidized mercury can make Hg potentially become available to biota [4]. Field studies have demonstrated the fast oxidation of Hg 0 to Hg II in the Arctic and Antarctic regions after polar sunrise, a phenomenon known as Arctic mercury depletion events (AMDEs).…”

Mercury affects the phylloplane fungal community of blueberry leaves to a lesser extent than plant age

“…The phylloplane is a relatively understudied habitat system (Meyer and Leveau 2012) and an important interface that facilitates Hg transport from the atmosphere to terrestrial environments (Ariya et al 2015). It is thus clear that more research is needed to investigate the interaction between Hg and phylloplane communities.…”

Estimating Uncertainty in Global Mercury Emission Source and Deposition Receptor Relationships

“…As there remains some uncertainty concerning atmospheric Hg oxidation process [35][36][37], simulations were also run including an oxidation mechanism based on bromine, with oxidant fields from the p-Tomcat model [38,39].…”