Mercury

Adriano, D. C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1907-9_9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with the general findings, that Pb is highly immobile in soils and has high affinity for soil organic matter [19][20][21]. According to Adriano [18] , organic matter and clay are the dominant constituents contributing to Pb adsorption. This metal also has a tendency to be bound with Oxides of Fe and Mn in soils.…”

Section: Pb In the Soil Fractionssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Geochemical fractions of Zn in the paddy soils of MADA, Kedah are tabulated in TABLE (2). The total Zn concentration ranged from 6.95 to 9.90 mg/kg, which was lower than the average total Zn found in paddy soils of West Malaysia (40 ppm) [18] and Pearl River Delta (50.4 ppm) [16]. The speciation results showed that Zn was distributed in the soil fractions following the decreasing order of station 1: RR > AR > ELFE > OO, stations 2 and 3: RR > ELFE > AR> OO, and stations 4 and 5: RR > ELFE > OO > AR.…”

Section: Zn In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This result could signify low availability of this metal to plants since this form is often regarded as bioavailable. [18]. Except for stations 4 and 5 the amount of Pb present in the soils was in the following decreasing order: OO > RR > AR > ELFE fractions, stations 4 and 5 were in the following decreasing order: OO > RR > ELFE > AR.…”

Section: Pb In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…According to Adriano [18] , the input of anthropogenic Cu in soils might be contributed by copper fertilizers, fungicides and livestock manure. Although Cu is most available below pH6 [18], the bioavailability of Cu in these stations was very low. Thus, the results indicate that the low Cu concentrations in the study area were obtained naturally from the soil parent material.…”

Section: Cu In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The concentration and distribution of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in soils collected from the rice fields of MADA in Kedah, Malaysia

Alrawiq

Khairiah²,

Latif³

et al. 2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The present study was carried out to determine the concentration and distribution status of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in the paddy field soil fractions of MADA in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. Five replicate samples were randomly collected from five paddy fields in the MADA area of Jitra. The heavy metals in the soil were extracted using sequential extraction method that was presented by Badri and Aston [1], which consisted of four different fractions using different reagents. The first fraction of extraction is the easily leachable and freely exchangeable fraction (ELFE), which uses ammonium acetate (NH 4 CH 3 COO). The second fraction is acid reduction fraction (AR), which uses hydroxylamine chloride (NH 2 OH_HCl), while the third fraction of extraction called the organic oxidation fraction (OO) was carried out using the combination of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and ammonium acetate (NH 4 CH 3 COO). The last fraction called the resistant fraction uses concentrated nitrate acid (HNO 3 ) and perchlorate acid (HClO 4 ). Generally, all the paddy soils in this study contained low levels of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn concentration compared to the other paddy soils. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the studied area was in the following decreasing order i.e.: Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. The results also showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the paddy soil fractions were mainly concentrated in the RR fraction except for Pb, which was at the highest level in the OO fraction, whilst Cd was more evenly distributed throughout the whole soil fraction. In general, Pb was the highest metal concentration found in the OO fraction followed by Zn in the RR fraction of the soil fractions.

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Section: Pb In the Soil Fractionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Zn In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Pb In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Cu In the Soil Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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