Mercury in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals

Burmistrz, Piotr; Kogut, Krzysztof; Marczak, Marta; Dziok, Tadeusz; Górecki, J.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03512

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3. Average, maximum and minimum values of the release factors of ecotoxic elements from coal in the coking, combustion and gasification processes (based on the authors' results and literature data [7,10,12,13,[17][18][19]])…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contents of arsenic and lead in sulfur were below the detection limit. Based on the result of mass balance studies in the coking plant [10], the mercury balance in the coking process was established (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainty at 95% confidence level for mercury content in gas was ±0.2 μg m - 3 . More details were presented in work [10].…”

Section: Mercury Content Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

et al. 2019

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Ecotoxic elements include the ones which have a negative impact on human health and the environment, among others, mercury, arsenic and lead. Hard coal is a fuel which contains significant amounts of ecotoxic elements and the processes of coal combustion, coking and gasification are one of the main sources of their anthropogenic emission. In the coking process, individual ecotoxic elements in various proportions remain in coke and are released to the raw coke oven gas. During the cleaning and cooling of coke gas, ecotoxic elements are distributed between purified coke gas and other coking byproducts. In the paper, the measurement results of the contents of selected ecotoxic elements in the Polish coking bituminous coals are presented, i.e. mercury, arsenic and lead. The examination results of their content in the products of the coking process i.e. coke, coal tar, BTX, sulfur, and purified coke oven gas are also shown. Coke is characterized by a much lower content of mercury and lead than coal, and by a similar content of arsenic. Among the coking products, sulfur and tar are characterized by the highest content of mercury. Coal tar also contains a high amount of lead.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

et al. 2019

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“…An additional fuel used to reduce coke consumption and improve the quality of pig iron is coal fed to the blast furnace using PCI (Pulverized Coal Injection) technology [16,17]. Mercury content in coke is not high, amounting to approximately 10 μg Hg/kg [18,19]. Mercury concentration in bituminous coal is usually much higher, amounting to as much as 200 μg Hg/kg [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast-furnace process as a source of anthropogenic mercury emissions

Kogut¹,

Tuz²,

Burmistrz³

2021

cisisr

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The metallurgical industry is a major source of anthropogenic emissions of mercury, whose compounds have an adverse impact on the environment and human health. In the year 2017 in the European Union, the industry was responsible for nearly 13 % of mercury emissions, being their third largest source. In Poland the industry is the fourth largest source of emissions, accounting for approximately 3.6 % the total. There are several component processes in the steel production process. The first consists of the preparation of ferrous additive, mainly in the sintering process. The second consists of smelting of pig iron in a blast furnace and the last entails processing in a converter or arc furnace. The main source of mercury in the blast furnace process is the fuel (coal and coke). The largest stream of mercury leaves the furnace with the blast furnace gas, which contains 2.4 μg/m 3 after cleaning. Mercury content in pig iron has always been below detection levels with respect to analysis methods used. Using balance investigation results and data available in literature, an emission index has been determined for the whole production cycle: 10.181 mg Hg/Mg of steel. This value consists of emissions generated in the following steps: preparation of sinter -1.622 mg Hg/Mg of steel, coke production -4.953 mg Hg/Mg of steel, combustion of blast furnace gas produced during the blast furnace process -3.557 mg Hg/Mg of steel and pig iron processing -0.050 mg Hg/Mg of steel.

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“…For finer coal grain sizes, the calorific value of the rejects may exceed 6 MJ/kg. 8 In most coal conversion processes, mineral matter is considered as ballast that deteriorates quality of raw material and increases the amount of harmful components, such as sulfur, mercury 9,10 or other ecotoxic elements. 11 However, in the gasification process, the effect of mineral matter is not unambiguous, since some of its components catalyse the gasification reactions, thus positively affect the process rate.…”

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Experimental evaluation of the dry coal deshaling by pneumatic vibrating FGX separator on the CO₂ gasification process

Czerski

Grzywacz

Dziok

et al. 2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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The dry deshaling process using the FGX method is a modern technique of coal quality enhancing without the use of water. The positive effect of this operation is the increase of calorific value and the removal of contaminants such as sulphur, chlorine, mercury and other heavy metals along with the separated gangue. However, elements such as sodium, potassium or calcium, considered as catalysts in the gasification process, are also partially removed. Consequently, the global effect of the dry deshaling on coal reactivity, being a key parameter determining its suitability for the gasification, is hard to predict. This study aims to determine the impact of dry deshaling of coal by FGX separator on its reactivity. Using TG analysis, 10 samples of coals from Polish mines, before and after the dry deshaling at commercially working FGX separator, were gasified in CO 2 atmosphere under non-isothermal conditions. The effect of deshaling on the basic properties of coals, ash composition and the content of contaminants such as sulphur and mercury, was also determined. The results showed slightly lower reactivity of clean coals. The values of kinetic parameters of gasification reaction were similar, or an increase in the activation energy value was compensated by the higher value of the pre-exponential factor. The basic properties of coals and the content of sulphur and mercury have changed after the deshaling process, and the magnitude of these changes differed significantly among the samples analysed. The changes in the ash composition were insignificant. These results suggest that FGX technology may be an attractive way of coal preparing for the gasification, resulting in a reduction of byproducts and contaminants without adverse effect on coals reactivity. K E Y W O R D S CO 2 gasification, coal, dry deshaling, non-isothermal TGA, upgrading of coal 1 | INTRODUCTION So as to allow efficient and ecological conversion of this fossil fuel, coal can be gasified. 1 Before thermochemical use, however, coal is directed to processing processes aimed at reducing ash content and increasing heating value, this being the first stage of applying Clean Coal Technologies. One such method of coal preparation is the

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Mercury in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

Blast-furnace process as a source of anthropogenic mercury emissions

Experimental evaluation of the dry coal deshaling by pneumatic vibrating FGX separator on the CO₂ gasification process

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Mercury in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

Contents of Ecotoxic Elements in Polish Coking Bituminous Coals and in Products of Coking

Blast-furnace process as a source of anthropogenic mercury emissions

Experimental evaluation of the dry coal deshaling by pneumatic vibrating FGX separator on the CO2 gasification process

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Experimental evaluation of the dry coal deshaling by pneumatic vibrating FGX separator on the CO₂ gasification process