Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation

Chalkidis, Anastasios; Jampaiah, Deshetti; Hartley, Patrick G.; Sabri, Ylias M.; Bhargava, Suresh K.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121036

Cited by 62 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 231 publications

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“…For its importance, many methods and instruments aimed to quantify and detect its presence in a certain environment have been developed in the past decades . The most common methods to detect the presence of the pollutant exploit or base their readings on the affinity between noble metals (such as gold and silver) and mercury. − The interaction between these materials leads to the formation of an amalgam, which is used for the accumulation of mercury, especially at very low concentrations, in sensors based on noble metal film chemoresistors, piezoelectric resonators, quartz microbalances, MOS capacitors, and MOSFET’s. − Currently, absorbent gold surfaces are extensively used for both direct and indirect mercury detection. However, traditional techniques are nontrivial, time consuming, and require trained personnel for their use .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Fratoddi

Cerra

Salamone

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles employed as solid-state sensors have attracted attention in recent years due to their ability to detect poisonous elements in the indoor/outdoor environment. Herein, chemoresistive sensors based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with mixed thiol ligands were tested as sensing materials. Specifically, the electrical response of gold nanoparticles-based sensors was tested against Hg0 vap, H2S, SO2, NH3, and relative humidity (RH) at room temperature. Gold nanoparticles samples were synthesized by the wet reduction method and then deposited as thin films on suitable interdigitated transducers. Electrical conductivity measurements allowed evaluating a semiconducting behavior of the colloids. A selective and reproducible sensing behavior toward Hg0 vap was observed in the range 0.1–1.0 ng/mL, allowing simple and reliable resistive devices to be obtained. An irreversible interaction mechanism, based on formation of an Au–Hg direct bond, was observed in the case of isolated AuNPs samples. Interconnected AuNPs exhibited a reversible behavior as assessed by Micro Raman, XRD, XPS, AFM, SEM, and UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopies together with DLS measurements. Broadening of the plasmonic band and an increase in the mean particle size upon contact with Hg0 vap was observed. Morphological characterization revealed the formation of aggregates after interaction between Hg0 vap and AuNPs. XRD and Micro Raman measurements collected on the nonexposed and Hg-exposed nanoparticles suggest their structural rearrangement at the surface and formation of an Au–Hg alloy with Hg mechanically trapped within the bulk material. The simple and cost-effective fabrication of these sensors has prospect in the future as nanodevices for real-time outdoor air quality monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Fratoddi

Cerra

Salamone

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Activated carbon (AC) has been a widely employed sorbent to control Hg 0 pollution from thermal power plants. 14 However, the high operating costs, low thermal stability, and weak renewability of AC have impeded its commercial application. Therefore, the exploitation of more efficient and economical alternatives for Hg 0 removal is greatly appealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, upstream sorbent injection is the most common and feasible approach to capturing Hg 0 from syngas, − for which choosing an effective and economical sorbent is a crucial step. Activated carbon (AC) has been a widely employed sorbent to control Hg 0 pollution from thermal power plants . However, the high operating costs, low thermal stability, and weak renewability of AC have impeded its commercial application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sonochemical Treatment on Thermal Stability, Elemental Mercury (Hg⁰) Removal, and Regenerable Performance of Magnetic Tea Biochar

et al. 2021

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Elemental mercury (Hg0) removal from a hot gas is still challenging since high temperature influences the Hg0 removal and regenerable performance of the sorbent. In this work, a facile yet innovative sonochemical method was developed to synthesize a thermally stable magnetic tea biochar to capture the Hg0 from syngas. A sonochemically synthesized magnetic sorbent (TUF0.46) exhibited a more prodigious surface area with developed pore structures, ultra-paramagnetic properties, and high dispersion of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 particles than a simply synthesized magnetic sorbent (TF0.46). The results showed that TUF0.46 demonstrated strong thermostability and attained a high Hg0 removal performance (∼98.6%) at 200 °C. After the 10th adsorption/regeneration cycle, the Hg0 removal efficiency of TUF0.46 was 19% higher than that of TF0.46. Besides, at 23.1% Hg0 breakthrough, TUF0.46 achieved an average Hg0 adsorption capacity of 16.58 mg/g within 24 h under complex syngas (20% CO, 20% H2, 5% H2O, and 400 ppm H2S). In addition, XPS results revealed that surface-active components (Fe+, O2–, O*, CO) were the key factor for high Hg0 removal performance over TUF0.46 from syngas. Hence, sonochemistry is a promising practical tool for improving the surface morphology, thermal resistance, renewability, and Hg0 removal efficiency of a sorbent.

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“…The excessive emissions of CO 2 have caused many environmental problems such as acidic rain and extreme climates, which has great influence on our living conditions . On the other hand, the pollution of heavy metal ions has threatened our health . As a result, it is urgent to treat these pollutants through a simple, economical, and green approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 On the other hand, the pollution of heavy metal ions has threatened our health. 2 As a result, it is urgent to treat these pollutants through a simple, economical, and green approach. The porous organic polymers (POPs), which have high Brunauer− Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area (S BET ) and pore volume (V total ), unique porosity, and plentiful functional groups, are widely used for energy storage, 3 catalysis, 1,3 pollutant removal, 4,5 and gas storage, 6 and it is meaningful to construct the multifunctional POPs for CO 2 capture and Hg 2+ removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Porous Organic Polymers Based on Postfunctionalization of the Ketone-Based Polymers

Wang

Chen

Xiao

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Multifunctional porous organic polymers (POPs) are excellent porous materials for CO2 capture and Hg2+ adsorption. Especially, plentiful ultramicropores (d < 0.7 nm) and a high nitrogen (N) content are beneficial for CO2 capture, and the micropores and the specific functional groups are helpful for Hg2+ adsorption, while the facile construction of the multifunctional POPs still remains a challenge. Herein, a series of bifunctional POPs was simply fabricated from the ketone-based polymers on the basis of the postfunctionalization. Because of their low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (S BET) and pore volume (V total), the polymers were further carried out the Schiff-based reaction using melamine (MA) as the postmodifier. As the rigid external cross-linker, MA embedded in the pores of the polymers and supported the skeleton of the polymers. The resulting polymers showed a sharp increase of the S BET (up to 703 m2/g) and V total (up to 0.657 cm3/g), high N content (up to 36.95 wt %), and three-dimensional hierarchical porosity. In particular, the high ultramicropore volume (up to 0.199 cm3/g) of the resulting polymers made them effective for CO2 capture (193 mg/g; 273 K and 1 bar). The high micropore volume (up to 0.272 cm3/g) and abundant N (up to 36.95 wt %) offered them high Hg2+ capacity (425 mg/g at 298 K). This facile postfunctionalization strategy is potentially useful for the fabrication of some other multifunctional POPs.

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Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation

Cited by 62 publications

References 231 publications

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Effect of Sonochemical Treatment on Thermal Stability, Elemental Mercury (Hg⁰) Removal, and Regenerable Performance of Magnetic Tea Biochar

Bifunctional Porous Organic Polymers Based on Postfunctionalization of the Ketone-Based Polymers

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Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation

Cited by 62 publications

References 231 publications

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Mercury Vapor Detection at Room Temperature

Effect of Sonochemical Treatment on Thermal Stability, Elemental Mercury (Hg0) Removal, and Regenerable Performance of Magnetic Tea Biochar

Bifunctional Porous Organic Polymers Based on Postfunctionalization of the Ketone-Based Polymers

Contact Info

Product

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Effect of Sonochemical Treatment on Thermal Stability, Elemental Mercury (Hg⁰) Removal, and Regenerable Performance of Magnetic Tea Biochar