Mercury (Hg) emissions from domestic biomass combustion for space heating

Huang, Jiaoyan; Hopke, Philip K.; Choi, Hyun-Deok; Laing, James R.; Cui, Huailue; Zananski, Tiffany J.; Chandrasekaran, Sriraam R.; Rattigan, Oliver V.; Holsen, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.078

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A previous laboratory combustion chamber and field study found that combustion of wood or wood pellets can be an important source of GEM and PBM in northern climates in the winter (Huang et al, 2011). The panels in Fig.…”

Section: Case Studies At Both Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of PBM are generally higher during the colder seasons, attributable to emissions related to space heating, a tendency for reactive Hg to partition from the gas-phase to particle phase at lower temperatures (Rutter and Schauer, 2007), and more shallow PBL depths. Wood smoke is a potential source of PBM in this region of the US (e.g., Choi et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2011), and this will be discussed in a later section. In the latter half of March 2013 PBM levels were exceptionally high at Rochester, with five 2-hour concentrations that exceeded 200 pg/m 3 on March 16, 17, and 24; the 90 th percentile value for this month was 110.3 pg/m 3 .…”

Section: Monthly Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mercury Wet Deposition and Speciated Air Concentrations from Two Urban Sites in New York State: Temporal Patterns and Regional Context

Ctverelo

Rattigan

Felton

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Since 2008, ambient speciated mercury (Hg) concentrations and weekly Hg wet deposition have been measured at two urban locations in New York -Rochester and New York City (borough of Bronx). These measurements were initiated to establish ambient Hg baselines ahead of anticipated emissions reductions, as well as characterize air concentrations and deposition at two different urban settings. In this paper seasonal and regional patterns in Hg wet deposition are presented, as well as seasonal, day of week and diurnal patterns in ambient Hg species at these two sites. The mean (and median) Hg concentration in precipitation was 9.56 ng/L (8.37 ng/L) at the Bronx site, and 9.95 ng/L (8.30 ng/L) at Rochester. Mean ambient air concentrations of gaseous elemental Hg (GEM), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particle-bound Hg (PBM) at the Bronx and Rochester sites were 1.52 and 1.40 ng/m 3 , 6.26 and 8.24 pg/m 3 , and 7.96 and 13.48 pg/m 3 , respectively. Conditional probability function analysis was used to examine potential source regions impacting these two sites. Using these data we were able to examine monthly and diurnal patterns in speciated ambient Hg; however, more research is needed to more fully characterize potential emission sources that impact these sites.

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Section: Case Studies At Both Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monthly Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Wet Deposition and Speciated Air Concentrations from Two Urban Sites in New York State: Temporal Patterns and Regional Context

Ctverelo

Rattigan

Felton

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

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“…Usually, there is no APCD for biomass burning. Huang et al (2011) tested four different types of wood fuels and found the Hg 0 proportion to be 95-99 % and the rest is basically Hg 2+ . found that Hg 0 in flue gas from biomass burning is 70-90 % of total mercury while that of Hg 2+ ranges from 5 to 9 %.…”

Section: Mercury Speciation and Transformation In Flue Gas From Biomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to flue gases in the form of Hg 0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 • C to below 300 • C in flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg 0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg 2+ ), with a portion of Hg 2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hg p ). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg 0 in flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34-85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hg p , and wet flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60-95 % of Hg 2+ . In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg 0 is converted to Hg 2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hg p accounts for less than 5 % in flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg 0 fraction (66-82 % of total mercury) in flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg 2+ fraction (29-90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg 2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in flue gases.

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“…One reason for the higher %CPBM and %FPBM at rural-remote locations is the higher air concentrations of FPBM and CPBM, which may be attributed to nonpoint sources such as wood burning and forest fires [Y. Huang et al, 2011].…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Mao

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Relative contributions to mercury wet deposition by gaseous oxidized mercury (%GOM) and fine and coarse particle-bound mercury (%FPBM and %CPBM) were estimated making use of monitored FPBM air concentration and mercury wet deposition at nine North American locations. Scavenging ratios of particulate inorganic ions (K + and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Na + ) were used as a surrogate for those of FPBM and CPBM, respectively. FPBM and CPBM were estimated to contribute 8-36% and 5-27%, respectively, depending on the location, to total wet deposition. The rest of the 39-87% was attributed to the contribution of GOM. The average %GOM, %FPBM and %CPBM among all locations were 65%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. The relative distributions of %GOM, %FPBM, and %CPBM were influenced by Hg(II) gas-particle partitioning, urban site characteristics, and precipitation type. At the regional scale, %GOM dominated over %FPBM and %CPBM. However, the sum of FPBM and CPBM contributed to nearly half of the total Hg wet deposition in urban areas, which was greater than other site categories and is attributed to higher FPBM air concentrations. At four locations, %FPBM exceeded %GOM during winter in contrast to summer, suggesting the efficient snow scavenging of aerosols. The results from this study are useful in improving mercury transport models since most of these models do not estimate CPBM, but frequently use monitored mercury wet deposition data for model evaluation.

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Mercury (Hg) emissions from domestic biomass combustion for space heating

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Mercury Wet Deposition and Speciated Air Concentrations from Two Urban Sites in New York State: Temporal Patterns and Regional Context

Mercury Wet Deposition and Speciated Air Concentrations from Two Urban Sites in New York State: Temporal Patterns and Regional Context

Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

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