Mercury Free Determination of Lead by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry onto Silver-Plated Rotograved Carbon Electrodes

Bagel, Olivier; Lagger, Grégoire; Brack, Daniel; Loyall, Uwe; Schäfer, H.

doi:10.1002/1521-4109(200102)13:2<100::aid-elan100>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, a problem preventing the wide application of electrochemical sensors for monitoring of metal ions is the use and disposal of toxic mercury conventionally used as the metal preconcentrator. To avoid the use of toxic mercury in the detection of Cd and Pb, researchers have focused on silver electrode [1], gold electrode [2], glassy-carbon disk [3], silver-coated [4] and bismuth-coated [5] carbon electrodes. Other class of mercury-free electrodes relies on chemical modifications for metal preconcentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

Yantasee

Charnhattakorn

Fryxell

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Electrochemical sensors have great potential for environmental monitoring of toxic metal ions in waters due to their portability, field-deployability and excellent detection limits. However, electrochemical sensors employing mercury-free approaches typically suffer from binding competition for metal ions and fouling by organic substances and surfactants in natural waters, making sample pretreatments such as wet ashing necessary. In this work, we have developed mercury-free sensors by coating a composite of thiol self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SH-SAMMS ™ ) and Nafion on glassy carbon electrodes. With the combined benefit of SH-SAMMS ™ as an outstanding metal preconcentrator and Nafion as an antifouling binder, the sensors could detect 0.5 ppb of Pb and 2.5 ppb of Cd in river water, Hanford groundwater, and seawater with a minimal amount of preconcentration time (few minutes) and without any sample pretreatment. The sensor could also detect 2.5 ppb of Cd, Pb, and Cu simultaneously. The electrodes have long service times and excellent single and inter-electrode reproducibility (5% RSD after 8 consecutive measurements). Unlike SAMMS ™ -carbon paste electrodes, the SAMMS ™ -Nafion electrodes were not fouled in samples containing albumin and successfully detected Cd in human urine. Other potentially confounding factors affecting metal detection at SAMMS ™ -Nafion electrodes were studied, including pH effect, transport resistance of metal ions, and detection interference. With the ability to reliably detect low metal concentration ranges without sample pretreatment and fouling, SAMMS ™ -Nafion composite sensors have the potential to become the next generation metal analyzers for environmental and bio-monitoring of toxic metals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

Yantasee

Charnhattakorn

Fryxell

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…, researchers have focused on silver electrode 19 , glassy carbon disk 20 , silver-coated 21 , bismuth-coated 22 , graphite electrode 23 and iridium electrode 24 for their possible ability to substitute mercury electrode. But none of these electrodes are found to be acceptable for their relatively low hydrogen overvoltage (usually below -0.8V 17 ), large background current, or poor precision and resolution 25 .…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Microelectrode Arrays Based Electrode for Determination of Trace Copper in Seawater

Wu¹,

Pan²,

Yu³

et al. 2014

Asian J. Chem.

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“…The design and the fabrication technology of the electrodes, as described, for example, in [144], allow easy modification of their surface by immobilizing a modifier on the electrode surface or adding it to the ink before the electrode is made. Table 3 gives examples of the use of modified thick-film electrodes for voltammetric determination of elements [145,. Metals and their oxides are the most common modifiers [145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163].…”

Section: Thick-film Carbon-containing Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 gives examples of the use of modified thick-film electrodes for voltammetric determination of elements [145,. Metals and their oxides are the most common modifiers [145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163]. Sometimes the film electrodes are CC carbon composite, CCSG carbon-containing silica gel, DMG dimethylglyoxime, 9P3F 9-phenyl-3-fluorone, DMPT 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, GCSG graphite-containing silica gel, DAN diaminonaphthalene, RNSH 5-(4-dimethyl amino benzelyden)-rhodamin, SGC sonogel-carbon, PMTP poly-3-methylthiophene, GEC graphite-epoxy composite, GCC graphite-containing composite, MBT 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 8HQ 8-hydroxyquinoline, DPCO diphenyl carbazone, MWN multi-walled nanotubes, TCC thiacrown compound, bulk modifier introduced to electrode bulk preliminary, ex situ modifier fixed on surface preliminary, in situ formation of modifying layer during deposition of substance to be determined, NaAc sodium acetate, amm.buff.…”

Section: Thick-film Carbon-containing Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

Stozhko

Малахова

Fyodorov

et al. 2007

J Solid State Electrochem

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The second part of the review, which covers modified carbon-containing electrodes, describes composite and microelectrodes. Electrodes made of commercial and laboratory carbon-containing composite materials are discussed. Impregnated and thick-film electrodes and microelectrodes made of carbon fibers form a separate group. Various modifiers and methods of electrode modification are presented. Prospects for the future development of solid-state modified electrodes are considered. [12][13][14][15][16]. In most cases, electrodes of these materials are modified by metal films (mercury, copper, and bismuth), molecularly imprinted TiO 2 [17]. The occurrence in the last decade of new types of carbon materials "from carbon nanotubes to edge plane pyrolytic graphite" [18,19] has significantly changed the scope and sensitivity of electroanalytical methods for the measurement of diverse targets from metals ions to biological markers. Investigators considered in detail electrochemical characteristics [20] and practical use [21] of the "edge" plane pyrolytic graphite, which proved to have a wider interval of working potentials and a low detection limit as compared to those of the basal pyrolytic graphite and GC. For example, in situ bismuth film modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode was successfully applied to the ultra trace simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) with detection limit 5.5·10 −10 and 4·10 −10 M, respectively [22].Synthetic diamonds (nitrogen-[23, 24] and boron-doped ) have come into use quite recently for electrochemical measurements. In particular, a gold-coated, borondoped, diamond thin-film electrode was used for total inorganic arsenic detection in real water samples [50]. Unlike properties of other carbon materials, which are widely used in electroanalysis, properties of synthetic diamonds became the subject of comprehensive study just about 10 years ago. The research was hindered by two circumstances: shortage of the material and the absence of conduction. The situation radically changed with the advent of highly efficient methods for growing of polycrystalline diamond compounds.A more efficient separation, accumulation, and determination of components is achieved with electrodes of composite materials made of graphite, carbon, glassy carbon, or diamond powders and binders such as paraffin, epoxy resins, methacrylate, silicon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyester, and silica gel. The reviews [51][52][53][54] deal with properties and applications of various composite J Solid State Electrochem

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Mercury Free Determination of Lead by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry onto Silver-Plated Rotograved Carbon Electrodes

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

Detection of Cd, Pb, and Cu in non-pretreated natural waters and urine with thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite electrodes

Gold Microelectrode Arrays Based Electrode for Determination of Trace Copper in Seawater

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals. Part II. Composite and microelectrodes

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