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We successfully demonstrated microliter (mL) volume determination of Mercury (Hg) using an in-built screen-printed three electrodes containing partially crosslinked poly(4-vinlylpyridine) (designated as pcPVP) modified carbonworking, carbon-counter, and Ag þ -quasireference electrodes (SPE/pcPVP) in a pH 4 acetate buffer solution with 2 M KCl by using the square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) technique. Instrumental and solution phase conditions were systematically optimized. Experiments were carried out by simply placing a 500 mL-droplet of Hg containing real sample mixed with the base electrolyte on the SPE/pcPVP surface. The SPE/Ag þ quasi-reference system shifted the Hg-SWASV detection potential ca. 250 mV positive, but the quantitative current values were appreciably similar to that of a standard Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Under optimal condition, the calibration graph is linear in the window of 100 -1000 ppb of the Hg droplet system with a detection limit of 69.5 ppb (S/N ¼ 3). Finally real sample assays were demonstrated for prohibited cosmetic Hg containing skin-lightening agents in parallel with ICP-OES measurements. Sensitive and selective detection of the neurotoxic heavy metal mercury (Hg) is important research, due to unknown pathways of Hg into food materials and other usable goods [1 -2]. For example, illegally formulated Hg species (inorganic Hg) has been detected in cosmetic products (both branded and unbranded), especially with skin-lightening reagents (up to 40 mg/g of the [Hg]) [3]. It was noted that the Hg presence and its concentration, [Hg], were particularly hidden in the labels of the goods. Simple, easy and low cost Hg detection assays are thus important for Hg pollution and prevention.Most of the [Hg] detection methods were based on UVvis, fluorescence [4,5], cold vapor-atomic absorbance (CV-AAS), -atomic fluorescence (CV-AFS) [6 -8], and ICP-MS spectroscopic approaches [9]. Those conventional methodologies always require tedious off-line sample preparation procedures and extensive instrumentation with skilled technician. For instance, recently, 2-mercaptobenzimidazol loaded silica gel column in couple with the CV-AFS detection has been introduced for efficient and selective Hg pre-concentration and detection [6]. In that procedure, 0.05 M KCN þ 2 M HCl solution was used as an eluent to desorbs the preconcentrated Hg. In further, intense UV radiation was applied to decompose the organic mercury to inorganic form in presence of strong acid þ SnCl 2 mixture solution. The assay was limited to low concentrations of halide (X À ), due to serious interference of the [HgX 4 ] 2À complex ions. Note that using of KCN, UV irradiation and strong acid are critical and even more dangerous than the Hg. Apart from that KCN in strong acid solution produce deadly toxic HCN vapor. Hence such risky methods are not secure for routine analytical measurements. On the other hand, recent times, electrochemical techniques rank first in the analytical chemistry as a simple detection methodo...
We successfully demonstrated microliter (mL) volume determination of Mercury (Hg) using an in-built screen-printed three electrodes containing partially crosslinked poly(4-vinlylpyridine) (designated as pcPVP) modified carbonworking, carbon-counter, and Ag þ -quasireference electrodes (SPE/pcPVP) in a pH 4 acetate buffer solution with 2 M KCl by using the square wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) technique. Instrumental and solution phase conditions were systematically optimized. Experiments were carried out by simply placing a 500 mL-droplet of Hg containing real sample mixed with the base electrolyte on the SPE/pcPVP surface. The SPE/Ag þ quasi-reference system shifted the Hg-SWASV detection potential ca. 250 mV positive, but the quantitative current values were appreciably similar to that of a standard Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Under optimal condition, the calibration graph is linear in the window of 100 -1000 ppb of the Hg droplet system with a detection limit of 69.5 ppb (S/N ¼ 3). Finally real sample assays were demonstrated for prohibited cosmetic Hg containing skin-lightening agents in parallel with ICP-OES measurements. Sensitive and selective detection of the neurotoxic heavy metal mercury (Hg) is important research, due to unknown pathways of Hg into food materials and other usable goods [1 -2]. For example, illegally formulated Hg species (inorganic Hg) has been detected in cosmetic products (both branded and unbranded), especially with skin-lightening reagents (up to 40 mg/g of the [Hg]) [3]. It was noted that the Hg presence and its concentration, [Hg], were particularly hidden in the labels of the goods. Simple, easy and low cost Hg detection assays are thus important for Hg pollution and prevention.Most of the [Hg] detection methods were based on UVvis, fluorescence [4,5], cold vapor-atomic absorbance (CV-AAS), -atomic fluorescence (CV-AFS) [6 -8], and ICP-MS spectroscopic approaches [9]. Those conventional methodologies always require tedious off-line sample preparation procedures and extensive instrumentation with skilled technician. For instance, recently, 2-mercaptobenzimidazol loaded silica gel column in couple with the CV-AFS detection has been introduced for efficient and selective Hg pre-concentration and detection [6]. In that procedure, 0.05 M KCN þ 2 M HCl solution was used as an eluent to desorbs the preconcentrated Hg. In further, intense UV radiation was applied to decompose the organic mercury to inorganic form in presence of strong acid þ SnCl 2 mixture solution. The assay was limited to low concentrations of halide (X À ), due to serious interference of the [HgX 4 ] 2À complex ions. Note that using of KCN, UV irradiation and strong acid are critical and even more dangerous than the Hg. Apart from that KCN in strong acid solution produce deadly toxic HCN vapor. Hence such risky methods are not secure for routine analytical measurements. On the other hand, recent times, electrochemical techniques rank first in the analytical chemistry as a simple detection methodo...
A new method for selective determination of trace mercury has been demonstrated by linear scan voltammetry using silver ink screen printed electrode (AgSPE) in presence of potassium iodide (KI) dissolved 0.05 M H2SO4 solution. At AgSPE, iodide oxidation peak current signal found to be systematically decreased (inhibitory current anodic peak current signal, i(pa)(in)) with increase in the Hg concentrations, [Hg]. This observation is further utilized for construction of new Hg electroanalytical assays in this work. On the AgSPE, Hg inhibitory detection potential found at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is 720 mV lower than that of unmodified SPE system. Under optimal experimental conditions, i(pa)(in) signals were linearly increased against [Hg] in the window of 500-4500 ppb (40 mu M KI) with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9988. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 98 and 318 ppb, respectively. This approach was further utilized to analyze hidden Hg in the cosmetic samples. Real sample assays were consistent with that of result obtained from ICP-OES, which confirm the applicability of the proposed method for practical applications
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