Mercury and Lead Levels in Common Soaps from Local Markets in Mashhad, Iran

Alizadeh, Anahita; Balali‐Mood, Mahdi; Mahdizadeh, Adeleh; Riahi-Zanjani, Bamdad

doi:10.29252/arakmu.11.4.1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, excessive exposure to Hg can result in neurological and dermal toxicity ( Sin and Tsang, 2003 ). Mercury levels in these soaps were relatively higher than that of previous studies ( Alizadeh et al., 2017 ; Alam et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Comparative chemical analysis of Indigenous Nigerian soaps with conventional ones

Oyekunle

Ore

Ogunjumelo

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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This study compared the chemical properties of the indigenous Nigerian soaps with the conventional soaps in order to determine whether or not they met acceptable standards. The locally made soaps were obtained from markets in Ile-Ife, Osun State and Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. The soap samples were acid digested and trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Hg) in the digested samples were profiled using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Documented techniques were adopted to analyze the soaps for pH, moisture content, free fatty acid, chloride content, free caustic alkali, matters insoluble in water and ethanol. The margin of safety (MoS) and hazard index (HI) associated with the use of the soaps were also evaluated. The locally made soaps had higher physicochemical properties than the conventional soaps. Mercury (Hg) had the highest concentration in the locally made soaps ranging from 106.50 ± 0.23–273.58 ± 0.49 μg/g and 46.35 ± 0.22–55.12 ± 0.65 μg/g in the conventional soaps, while Cd had the least concentration in the locally made soaps ranging from 2.95 ± 0.45–6.05 ± 0.60 μg/g and 2.88 ± 0.11–5.20 ± 0.60 μg/g in the conventional soaps. Although highly mercuric soaps are known to kill bacteria and fungi, the observed MoS (<100) and HI (>1) indicated that the soaps might be safe if only restricted to occasional use by adults and children. A careful preliminary investigation and selection of the raw materials used in the production of indigenous soaps should be considered a necessary step.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Comparative chemical analysis of Indigenous Nigerian soaps with conventional ones

Oyekunle

Ore

Ogunjumelo

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…potassium are softer than the soaps of sodium [7,8]. Recovery of soaps during manufacturing process depends on the level of the total fatty matter (TFM).…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Level of TFM is also associated with hardness of soaps. The soaps with higher TFM gives more lather, lasts longer and more importantly cleans the skin in a better way and more gently [7]. The lipophilic part of soap which have a chemical nature the major role plays in determination the performance of soaps [9].…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Physico-chemical Properties in Selected Branded Soaps

Sherazi

2019

Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem.

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Quality of soaps is directly related with their physicochemical properties. Generally, ranking of the soaps remains indistinct to consumers therefore there is strong need to assess the quality of soaps available in the market. In the present study, eighteen commercial soaps including fourteen toilet soaps and four baby soaps were evaluated for moisture content, pH, total fatty matter, total alkali, free alkali, foam test and emulsification. Values of moisture content ranged between 5.40-15.12%; pH 6.29-11.39; total fatty matter 59-91%; total alkali 0.98-1.60% and free alkali 0.01-0. 62%. The emulsification was observed in all analyzed samples and the foam height was measured in the range between 2.3-8.5 cm. Most of analyzed samples fall within the standard values recommended by International Standard Organization, but in few samples pH, total alkali and free alkali were found to be higher than the recommended values.

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“…These interactions have significant implications for human health, as long-term exposure to these compounds could lead to toxic effects. 30,31 In this study, our focus is on simulating a model membrane and exploring the interactions between the lipid layer and cationic, anionic, and neutral surfactants (see Fig. 1) by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of quaternary ammonium surfactants on biomembranes using molecular dynamics simulation

Moosavi,

Zolghadr

2023

RSC Adv.

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Mercury and Lead Levels in Common Soaps from Local Markets in Mashhad, Iran

Abstract: Background:The potential toxicity of human exposure was investigated to heavy metals from

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Comparative chemical analysis of Indigenous Nigerian soaps with conventional ones

Comparative chemical analysis of Indigenous Nigerian soaps with conventional ones

Evaluation of Physico-chemical Properties in Selected Branded Soaps

Effect of quaternary ammonium surfactants on biomembranes using molecular dynamics simulation

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