Mercado De Trabalho E Rendimentos No Agronegócio De Minas Gerais

Abstract

Este estudo dimensiona o mercado de trabalho do agronegócio mineiro, identifica a estrutura deste mercado e o perfil dos trabalhadores nele inseridos, e analisa de forma exploratória aspectos relacionados aos rendimentos das pessoas ocupadas no setor. Utiliza-se como principal base de informações os microdados da PNAD Continua e, de forma auxiliar, informações do CEPEA/ESALQ/USP e da RAIS. Estimou-se que, em 2014, o agronegócio representou 26% das ocupações de Minas Gerais. Verificou-se que o mercado de trabalho do setor é em geral marcado por trabalhadores com baixa escolaridade e elevada informalidade, resultado bastante influenciado pelo segmento primário. Verificou-se ainda que, em média, as pessoas ocupadas no agronegócio auferiram rendimentos 31% menores que os ocupados no demais setores da economia do estado. E, dentro do agronegócio: as mulheres ganharam em média 29% menos que os homens; os empregados com carteira assinada cerca de 67% a mais que os sem carteira assinada e 27% a mais que aqueles que atuam por conta-própria; os empregadores, por sua vez, auferiram rendimentos 264% maiores que os empregados com carteira assinada; os ocupados com ensino superior tiveram rendimentos 352% superiores àqueles sem instrução, 218% superiores àqueles com até ensino fundamental, e 119% superiores àqueles com até ensino médio.

The Brazilian agribusiness labor market: measurement, characterization and analysis of income differentials

“…As summarized in Table 3, the primary segment is followed by the agro-services segment, the agro-industrial segment and, finally, the inputs segment. Proportionally speaking, the distribution of Brazilian agribusiness workers among its various segments is similar to that observed by Castro et al (2017) for the agribusiness in Minas Gerais, in which the input segment accounted for 1.1%, the primary, for 46.5%, the agroindustry, for 17.7% and the agro-services, for 34.8%. Comparing our results with those of Castro et al (2017), agroindustry has a relatively smaller weight and agro-services a relatively larger weight in Minas Gerais than in Brazil.…”

“…The aforementioned procedure used to construct a coefficient structure based on employment information is the main methodological difference between the present research and that of Morais et al (2015). On the other hand, the procedures applied by Castro et al (2017) are similar to those implemented in this study, but were applied to the agribusiness labor market in Minas Gerais, while our focus is the whole country. Morais et al (2015) applied coefficients provided by Barros et al (2014) when calculating the GDP of Brazilian agribusiness.…”

“…In our study, we used specific employment relationships and that can be updated annually. Castro et al (2017), in turn, also used the Continuous PNAD as their main database and the RAIS as the basis for calculating category coefficients, while these coefficients being calculated specifically for the agribusiness labor market in Minas Gerais in 2014. These authors found that in 2014, 2.5 million people worked in the agribusiness in Minas Gerais, representing 26% of the state's employed population.…”

“…These coefficients, however, were calculated using production value and/or value added information, which is not exactly related to labor and employment measures as our study does. Castro et al (2017) measured and analyzed the agribusiness labor market specifically for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological procedure adopted by Castro et al (2017) has more similarities with the one used in our study; however, their paper presents a localized analysis performed in a single Brazilian state and, therefore, some simplifications for this type of local analysis were adopted by them.…”

“…Castro et al (2017) measured and analyzed the agribusiness labor market specifically for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological procedure adopted by Castro et al (2017) has more similarities with the one used in our study; however, their paper presents a localized analysis performed in a single Brazilian state and, therefore, some simplifications for this type of local analysis were adopted by them. The major novelty in our study is to present an extended methodology covering the labor market analysis of Brazilian agribusiness as a whole.…”