Menthol additives to tobacco products. Reasons for withdrawing mentholated cigarettes in European Union on 20th may 2020 according to tobacco products directive (2014/40/EU)

Kopa, Paulina; Pawliczak, Rafał

doi:10.1080/15376516.2020.1805662

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Calls have been made to remove menthol for over two decades, and a recent proposed rule makes this a reality [36]. Although menthol has not been regulated e-cigarettes yet, menthol is banned in tobacco cigarettes in Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and several other jurisdictions [37,38]. Vanillin acetate and ethyl vanillin were abundant and contributed to the differentiation of samples based on the label's cooling and flavor claims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Flavor Ingredient Wheel Linking E-Liquid Additives to the Labeled Flavor of Vaping Products

Buettner-Schmidt,

Steward,

Goniewicz

et al. 2024

Toxics

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E-liquids contain combinations of chemicals, with many enhancing the sensory attractiveness of the product. Studies are needed to understand and characterize e-liquid ingredients, particularly flavorings, to inform future research and regulations of these products. We identified common flavor ingredients in a convenience sample of commercial e-liquids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. E-liquid flavors were categorized by flavor descriptors provided on the product packaging. A Flavor Ingredient Wheel was developed to link e-liquid flavor ingredients with flavor categories. An analysis of 109 samples identified 48 flavor ingredients. Consistency between the labeled flavor and ingredients used to produce such flavor was found. Our novel Flavor Ingredient Wheel organizes e-liquids by flavor and ingredients, enabling efficient analysis of the link between ingredients and their flavor profiles and allowing for quick assessment of an e-liquid ingredient’s flavor profile. Investigating ingredient profiles and identifying and classifying commonly used chemicals in e-liquids may assist with future studies and improve the ability to regulate these products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Flavor Ingredient Wheel Linking E-Liquid Additives to the Labeled Flavor of Vaping Products

Buettner-Schmidt,

Steward,

Goniewicz

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Mentholated cigarettes increase smoking initiation, especially in youth populations, encourage greater nicotine dependence and results in lower cessation rates compared to non-mentholated cigarettes 146 . These relationships have led to bans on the sale of menthol cigarettes in Canada, England and the European Union 38,79 and a proposed ban in the United States of America 34 .…”

Section: Composition Intake and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mint and Menthol: A Review of Potential Health Benefits and wider Human effects

Best¹

2022

Preprint

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Mint and to a lesser extent menthol have been used since antiquity for medicinal purposes. Key components of mint and menthol use such as composition and intake, safety and traditional uses are discussed prior to a review of clinical and human performance outcomes in the areas of digestive and respiratory health; antibacterial and anti-fungal properties, nocioception, migraine and headache and emerging evidence regarding COVID 19. Evidence suggests benefit for patients with irritable bowel syndrome and related digestive issues, with analgesic and respiratory effects also noted. Perceptual characteristics relating to thermal comfort and sensation, taste sensitivity and alertness are also considered; these effects are predominantly driven by stimulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) activity resulting in sensations of cooling and freshness, with lesser influence on thirst. Finally, sport performance is considered as a domain that may further elucidate some of the aforementioned underpinning outcomes due to its systemic and dynamic nature, especially when performed in hot environmental conditions.

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“…Some additives such as menthol are used in some cigarettes to adjust the taste and reduce the pungent smell of smoke. Meanwhile, the use of menthol will increase smoking behavior and addiction to nicotine, exacerbating the deterioration of diseases. , As people pursuit a healthier life and social development, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and “I quit original smoking” (IQOS) products are gradually attracting people’s attention as substitutes for cigarette. , Cigarette smoke contains a variety of compounds, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic compounds, etc. These substances can cause oxidative damage to cells, produce toxicity, and affect the normal function of cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the use of menthol will increase smoking behavior and addiction to nicotine, exacerbating the deterioration of diseases. 7 , 8 As people pursuit a healthier life and social development, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and “I quit original smoking” (IQOS) products are gradually attracting people’s attention as substitutes for cigarette. 9 , 10 Cigarette smoke contains a variety of compounds, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic compounds, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

Liu

Yue

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Smoking increases the risk of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular, oral, and lung diseases. E-cigarettes are gaining popularity among young people as an alternative to cigarettes, but there is debate over whether they are less harmful to the mouth than e-cigarettes. In this study, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) were treated with four commercially available e-cigarette aerosol condensates (ECAC) or commercially available generic cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) with different nicotine concentrations. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by acridine orange (AO) and Hoechst33258 staining. The levels of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3), cyclooxygenase 2, and inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Finally, ROS levels were analyzed by ROS staining. The different effects of CSC and ECAC on HGECs were compared. The results showed that higher nicotine concentration of CS significantly reduced the activity of HGECs. By contrast, all ECAC had no significant effect. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase, COX-2, and inflammatory factors were higher in HGECs treated with CSC than those treated with ECAC. In contrast, the level of type I collagen was higher in HGECs treated with ECAC than those treated with CSC. In conclusion, all four flavors of e-cigarettes were less toxic to HGE cells than tobacco, but further clinical studies are needed to determine whether e-cigarettes are less harmful to oral health than conventional cigarettes.

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Menthol additives to tobacco products. Reasons for withdrawing mentholated cigarettes in European Union on 20th may 2020 according to tobacco products directive (2014/40/EU)

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Development of a Flavor Ingredient Wheel Linking E-Liquid Additives to the Labeled Flavor of Vaping Products

Development of a Flavor Ingredient Wheel Linking E-Liquid Additives to the Labeled Flavor of Vaping Products

Mint and Menthol: A Review of Potential Health Benefits and wider Human effects

Evaluation of the Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

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