Mentha spicata Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Vibrio spp. Strains

Abstract

Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-Vibrio spp. activities of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) are investigated in the present study. The effect of the essential oil on Vibrio spp. biofilm inhibition and eradication was tested using the XTT assay. A total of 63 chemical constituents were identified in spearmint oil using GC/MS, constituting 99.9% of the total identified compounds. The main components were carvone (40.8% ± 1.23%) and limonene (20.8% ± 1.12%). The antimicrobial activity against 30 Vibrio spp. strains (16 species) was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution assays. All microorganisms were strongly affected, indicating an appreciable antimicrobial potential of the oil. Moreover, the investigated oil exhibited OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 14403 high antioxidant potency, as assessed by four different tests in comparison with BHT. The ability of the oil, belonging to the carvone chemotype, to inhibit or reduce Vibrio spp. biofilm warrants further investigation to explore the use of natural products in antibiofilm adhesion and reinforce the possibility of its use in the pharmaceutical or food industry as a natural antibiotic and seafood preservative against Vibrio contamination.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and In vitro Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Mentha spicata Leaf from Tiaret Area (Algeria)

“…The yield of essential oils from M. spicata leaves harvested in three other regions of Algeria (Bejaia Saida and Setif) was 1.1%, 1.3% and 0.89%, respectively. 7,16,17 However, the extraction yield of Tunisian spearmint was 1.1%, 5 Pakistan spearmint 1.2%, 18 Indian spearmint ranged from 0.4 -0.8%, 19 and Bangladeshi spearmint was 0.33%. 20 On the other hand, Roldán et al 21 and Martins et al 22 have shown very lower rate with 0.08 and 0.1%, respectively.…”

“…15 Nevertheless, Dhifi et al 27 24 Other explanation for the differences in oil content and composition may be attributed to factors related to ecotype, phenophases, temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, irradiance, genotype, and agronomic conditions (harvesting time, plant age, crop density). 5 In addition, the duration of sunshine, the movement of air and precipitation can play roles in the difference in composition of essential oils. 17 Two antioxidant assays have been used to evaluate the possible antioxidant properties of the spearmint oil, including ferric reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity.…”

“…The EC 50 value for spearmint essential oil was 2.28 ± 0.68 μg/ml in comparison to 21.22 ± 1.66 μg/ml and 13.98 ± 1.99 μg/ml for the standard compound quercetin and ascorbic acid, respectively. Brahmi et al 7 and Snouci et al 5 reported that the EC 50 value of the M. spicata essential oil harvested from north Algeria and northeast of Tunisia were about 452.3 ± 0.4 μg/ml and 2.49 ± 0.07 µg/ml, respectively. DPPH assay has been widely used for the evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of plant extracts, food material or single compounds.…”

“…4 The genus Mentha includes 25-30 species that grow under cultivation from tropical to temperate climate of many countries. 5 Mentha spicata is one the most common and popular mint cultivated throughout the world. 6 In Algeria, this species is locally known as 'Naanaa' and is cultivated all over the country for culinary purposes as well as for its medicinal properties.…”

“…The fresh and dried plants and their essential oils are widely used in the food, cosmetic, confectionary, chewing gum, toothpaste, and pharmaceutical industries. 5 Likewise, M. spicata has been extensively applied to treat various diseases such as nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disorders and also as breath freshener, antiseptic mouth rinse, and in toothpaste. 6 The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Algerian spearmint, growing in the Dahmouni Locality (Tiaret), and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic bacteria isolated from diarrhea of young calves.…”