Mentality of Dispensary Epileptic Patients

Barnes, Margaret R.; Fetterman, Joseph L.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1938.02270110057003

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Most of the studies have a serious drawback, however, in that they present cross-sectional data and in many cases only one evaluation was done. Even when there were two evaluations the time between tests tends to be rather short, and since Patterson and Fonner (1928) and Barnes and Fetterman (1938) have pointed out that the IQ of epileptic children can fluctuate markedly, a single significant gain or loss cannot be taken as an indication of the patient's permanent intellectual functions. Serial studies are quite rare, and a review of the literature has not yielded any data on long-term outcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Functions of Patients With Childhood‐onset Epilepsy

Rodin

Schmaltz²,

Twitty³

1986

Develop Med Child Neuro

125

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SUMMARY The intellectual functions of 64 epileptic patients who had had an initial evaluation between five and 16 years of age, including the WISC, were re‐evaluated after a period of at least five years. In general the seizure states had improved, and 50 per cent were in remission for between two and eight years. All but four were still taking at least one anticonvulsant drug. WISC IQ estimates showed a slight decrease. Verbal and performance areas could be differentially affected, and a gain in one could be offset by a loss in the other, so the Full‐scale IQ might not be a reliable measure of day‐to‐day performance. Those whose seizures remained uncontrolled had a statistically significant decrease in performance IQ, whereas in general it was stable or increased for patients in remission. There was evidence that decreased IQ indicated slower mental growth rather than loss of previously acquired function. Phenobarbital but not phenytoin levels were inversely correlated with IQ, suggesting that the upper limit of the ‘therapeutic range’ of phenobarbital may already be toxic with regard to learning abilities. To optimize an epileptic child's functioning in school and to prevent long‐term intellectual problems, it is advisable that IQ testing should be part of the routine initial evaluation, and that drug levels should be checked at regular intervals. RÉSUMÉ Les fonctions intellectuelles de 64 épileptiques dont I'intelligence avait étéévaluée entre cinq et 16 ans, notamment par le WISC, ont été remesurées après une période d'au moins cinq ans. En général I‘état des crises s’était amélioré et 50 pour cent des sujets étaient en rémission pour des périodes allant de deux à huit ans. Tous les sujets sauf quatre prenaient encore une médication anticomitiale. Les QI au WISC montraient une légère perte. Les échelles verbale et performance pouvaient être modifiées de façon différente et un gain dans l'une des échelles pouvait être compensé par une perte dans I'autre, si bien que la pleine échelle de QI pourrait ne pas être une mesure fiable des performances journalières. Les sujets dont les crises demeuraient non contrôlées présentaient une baisse statistiquement significative à l‘échelle de performance, alors que cette échelle était en général stable ou en gain pour les sujets en rémission. Des signes indiquaient que la baisse de QI était davantage liée à un ralentissement de la croissance mentale qu’à une perte des fonctions antérieurement acquises. Les taux de phénobarbital mais non de phénytoine étaient inversement corrélés au QI, suggérant que la limite supérieure de “l‘étendue thérapeutique” du phénobarbital peut déjàêtre toxique en ce qui concerne les aptitudes d'apprentissage. Pour optimiser I'activité scolaire d'un enfant épileptique et pour prévenir des problèmes intellectuels à long terme, il est souhaitable que des mesures de QI fassent partie des évaluations initiales de routine et que les taux de médication soient contrôlés à intervalles réguliers. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 64 Patienten mit Epilepsie, die zwischen fünf...

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Intellectual Functions of Patients With Childhood‐onset Epilepsy

Rodin

Schmaltz²,

Twitty³

1986

Develop Med Child Neuro

125

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“…T RADITIONALLY, the epileptic individual is reported to show mental deterioration (19). Various explanations have been offered for this deterioration: brain damage suffered prior to the onset of seizures (2,4), the effect of the seizures (4,19), and over-sedation (15,20), Statements concerning deterioration in epilepsy have been based upon subjective impressions of institutionalized epileptics and upon psychological studies which are generally subject to serious criticism.…”

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“…'s of institutionalized epileptics, with I.Q. norms of the general population (7,8,9), but many of these epileptics were placed in institutions because they were feebleminded as well as epileptic (8,14); (2) test-retest studies (2,4) which were largely inconclusive, some authors (23) reporting deterioration in epileptic groups as a whole after an interval of time, others reporting no such change.…”

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Intellectual performance of cryptogenic epileptics, symptomatic epileptics, and posttraumatic encephalopaths.

Winfield¹

1951

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

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The Shipley-Hartford Vocabulary Test was administered to 28 veterans with known cerebral damage. These scores were compared with the pre-trauma intelligence test scores of the same veterans and no significant difference was found indicating that this test does give a fairly good estimate of pre-trauma intelligence.2. WIXFIELD, D. L. Intellectual Performance of cryptogenic epileptics, symptomatic epileptics, and posttraumatic encephalopaths.

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“…This statement in no way questions the validity of the test as a predictive instrument, but simply refers to the theoretical basis on which the test was constructed. Ample experimental evidence has accumulated to show that the test does measure deterioration in cases of paresis (i, 14), 261 schizophrenia (2,12), epilepsy (3,14), and senility (6), 1 although its effectiveness has recently been questioned by Capps (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the postulates underlying the Babcock deterioration test.

Yacorzynski¹

1941

Psychological Review

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Mentality of Dispensary Epileptic Patients

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Intellectual Functions of Patients With Childhood‐onset Epilepsy

Intellectual Functions of Patients With Childhood‐onset Epilepsy

Intellectual performance of cryptogenic epileptics, symptomatic epileptics, and posttraumatic encephalopaths.

An evaluation of the postulates underlying the Babcock deterioration test.

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