Mental toughness, stress, stress appraisal, coping and coping effectiveness in sport

Kaiseler, Mariana; Polman, Remco; Nicholls, Adam R.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.012

Cited by 155 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The descriptive data from the MTQ48 was similar to that reported by Kaiseler et al (2009) while the SMTQ scores were slightly higher than previously reported norms for club or regional athletes (cf. Sheard et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Previous researchers have reported similar problems with the MTQ48 subscale of emotional control (Kaiseler et al, 2009). One of the seven emotional control subscale items was found to be unrelated to the scale and negatively correlated with other items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…While qualitative research helped to identify some of the key attributes of mentally tough athletes, much less attention was given to issues of measurement (Crust, 2008;Sheard, Golby, & van Wersch, 2009). However, Clough et al (2002) produced an instrument that has since been used in numerous studies (i.e., Crust & Clough, 2005;Kaiseler, Polman, & Nicholls;Nicholls, Polman, Levy & Backhouse, 2008). Despite much published research using the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48; Clough et al), some researchers (i.e., Sheard et al, 2009) have been critical of the measure on two counts: First, the conceptualization that underpins the MTQ48; and second, the lack of independent scrutiny of the factor structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has also found significant relations between MTQ48 scores, optimism and coping skills (Nicholls et al, 2008). In terms of reliability, the overall internal consistency of the MTQ48 has generally been reported at 0.9 or above (i.e., Kaiseler et al, 2009). Despite such evidence, critics have highlighted the need for further psychometric testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing two measures of mental toughness

Crust¹,

Swann²

2011

Personality and Individual Differences

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This paper tested relations between two measures of mental toughness. A sample of 110 male athletes (M age = 20.81. years, SD = 2.76), derived from University sports teams and local sports clubs, gave informed consent before completing two questionnaires to assess mental toughness. It was hypothesized that scales and subscales from the two different instruments, which purported to measure the same or substantially overlapping scales, would be strongly correlated. Predictions concerning the expected relations were made a priori. Pearson correlations revealed a significant and positive relationship between higher order mental toughness scores (r= .75; p< .001). Correlations between similar mental toughness subscales were found to be positive and significant but somewhat lower than expected (r= .49-62). Results suggest instrument subscales with similar labels are not measuring the same components of mental toughness. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. MEASURES OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS 2 AbstractThis paper tested relations between two measures of mental toughness. A sample of 110 male athletes (M age = 20.81 years; SD = 2.76), derived from University sports teams and local sports clubs, gave informed consent before completing two questionnaires to assess mental toughness. It was hypothesized that scales and subscales from the two different instruments, which purported to measure the same or substantially overlapping scales, would be strongly correlated. Predictions concerning the expected relations were made a priori. Pearson correlations revealed a significant and positive relationship between higher order mental toughness scores (r = .75; p <.001). Correlations between similar mental toughness subscales were found to be positive and significant but somewhat lower than expected (r = .49 to .62).Results suggest instrument subscales with similar labels are not measuring the same components of mental toughness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing two measures of mental toughness

Crust¹,

Swann²

2011

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…The coping actions undertaken in particular competitive circumstances are called coping strategies. Kaiseler et al [13] distinguished the following coping strategies used by athletes from various disciplines: 1) problem-focused strategies (active coping, planning and increasing effort); 2) emotion-focused strategies (seeking emotional support, humour and wishful thinking); and 3) avoidance strategies (denial and disengagement). However, this classification is universal and does not only concern situations in sport, where the approach adopted for measuring the coping strategies is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of coping with stress and the sport results of alpine skiers and tennis players

Knittel

Guszkowska

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between strategies of coping with stress caused by participating in sport competitions and the results of those competitions, as well as to differentiate the applied coping strategies according to the practiced sport discipline (tennis and alpine skiing). Material and methods:The study encompassed 83 university students (39 women and 44 men) who were participating in the Polish University Championships in tennis (n = 32) and alpine skiing (n = 51). The research was based on the Coping Inventory for Competitive Sports (CICS) questionnaire and was adapted to Polish conditions by the authors of this study. The results achieved during the competition were also recorded during the study. Results: Possibly due to the nature of their sport, the tennis players used coping actions to a greater extent than the alpine skiers, regardless of the nature of the action. The application of task-focused strategies and the lower use of emotion-focused and avoidance strategies allowed the athletes to achieve higher results during the competition. Conclusions: Task-focused strategies should be developed in order to improve the competitive results of athletes. Taking the situational nature of the coping strategies into consideration, coping strategies can be designed and modified to improve the achieved results.

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