Mental time travel in patients “cured” from primary central nervous system lymphoma

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

“…Analysis of different treatment modalities shows that compared with healthy people, PCNSL patients receiving immunochemotherapy have psychological disorders, delayed return to work, and a subsequent decline. Several studies in this review demonstrated improvement in anxiety and depression (Nilles et al, 2022; Pertz et al, 2021; Wiemann et al, 2020). The psychological state of patients receiving intravenous or intrathecal chemotherapy was enhanced.…”

“…The appendix (supplementary material) describes the characteristics of 43 eligible articles in Tables 1–3. Of the 42 included studies on cognitive functioning, 24 measured objective cognitive performance, including digital span, trail-making test, conversion speeds, and complex figure test (Abrey et al, 2003; Correa et al, 2019; Correa et al, 2004; Correa et al, 2009; Correa et al, 2012; Dahlborg et al, 1996; Doolittle, Dósa, et al, 2013; Ferreri et al, 2017; Fliessbach et al, 2005; Fliessbach et al, 2003; Juergens et al, 2010; McAllister et al, 2000; Morris et al, 2013; Neuwelt et al, 1991; Neuwelt et al, 2005; Nilles et al, 2022; Omuro, Chinot, et al, 2015; Omuro, Correa, et al, 2015; Pels et al, 2003; Pertz et al, 2021; Schlegel et al, 2001; Shah et al, 2007; van der Meulen et al, 2021; Wiemann et al, 2020). 14 studies examined only subjective cognitive functioning (Batchelor et al, 2003; Chanswangphuwana et al, 2018; Fisher et al, 2005; Gao et al, 2016; Glass et al, 2016; Herrlinger et al, 2017; Illerhaus et al, 2016; Illerhaus et al, 2008; Kaburaki et al, 2017; Kiefer et al, 2012; Laack, Ballman, Brown, & O'Neill, 2006; Laack et al, 2011; O’Neill et al, 1999; Shan et al, 2014).…”

“…Among these trials, two used the MMSE and ADAS tests and concluded that there was no significant change in cognition, except for a slight decrease in ADAS scores (Batchelor et al, 2003; Nilles et al, 2022). In 5 studies, attention, language, executive, and memory domains were the main focus (Nilles et al, 2022; Omuro, Chinot, et al, 2015; Pertz et al, 2021; van der Meulen et al, 2021; Wiemann et al, 2020). Regarding the assessment of cognitive function through MDRS, one study found that it remained stable during a 16-month follow-up period (Omuro, Chinot, et al, 2015).…”

“…Furthermore, one study showed that chemotherapy did not have an adverse effect on final outcomes (van der Meulen et al, 2021), and there was even an improvement in responsiveness after a 2-year follow-up. A direct comparison between PCNSL patients and healthy controls in terms of cognitive functioning revealed impairment in overall intelligence (Pertz et al, 2021; Wiemann et al, 2020). Z scores were consistently worse (≤−1.5) compared to the general population.…”

“…Additionally, psychological changes in PCNSL should be carefully considered in clinical practice. Studies have shown that experiencing illness in life may lead PCNSL patients to reexamine their priorities and have a more positive view of life (Pertz et al, 2021), and patients who resumed work experienced fewer symptoms impacting their quality of life (Wiemann et al, 2020). Cognitive function and mental health are closely linked (Bai et al, 2023; Gehring et al, 2015), and cognitive training can significantly improve psychological health (Poggi et al, 2009).…”