Mental Rotation in Williams Syndrome: An Impaired Ability

Stinton, Chris; Farran, Emily K.; Courbois, Yannick

doi:10.1080/87565640802254323

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, contrary to the findings of Stinton et al (2008), our results indicated that MR task performance in individuals with WS was significantly above chance. This discrepancy may be due to the fact that Stinton et al (2008) used geometric shapes, which may have been less familiar to participants, while we used more familiar objects, such as toy animals, dolls, and cars. This discrepancy in familiarity may be related to differences in the amount of attention that the participants gave to the objects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Concordant with previous studies that investigated MR task performance in individuals with WS (Farran et al, 2001; Stinton et al, 2008), MR task performance was poor in people with WS compared with control individuals. As in a previous study that used a geometric figure with various orientations (Stinton et al, 2008), we found that performance in the VMA group was better than that in the WS group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…As in a previous study that used a geometric figure with various orientations (Stinton et al, 2008), we found that performance in the VMA group was better than that in the WS group. However, contrary to the findings of Stinton et al (2008), our results indicated that MR task performance in individuals with WS was significantly above chance. This discrepancy may be due to the fact that Stinton et al (2008) used geometric shapes, which may have been less familiar to participants, while we used more familiar objects, such as toy animals, dolls, and cars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome

Hirai

Muramatsu

Mizuno

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by the partial deletion of chromosome 7. Individuals with WS have atypical cognitive abilities, such as hypersociability and compromised visuospatial cognition, although the mechanisms underlying these deficits, as well as the relationship between them, remain unclear. Here, we assessed performance in mental rotation (MR) and level 2 visual perspective taking (VPT2) tasks in individuals with and without WS. Individuals with WS obtained lower scores in the VPT2 task than in the MR task. These individuals also performed poorly on both the MR and VPT2 tasks compared with members of a control group. For the individuals in the control group, performance scores improved during development for both tasks, while the scores of those in the WS group improved only in the MR task, and not the VPT2 task. Therefore, we conducted a second experiment to explore the specific cognitive challenges faced by people with WS in the VPT2 task. In addition to asking participants to change their physical location (self-motion), we also asked them to adopt a third-person perspective by imagining that they had moved to a specified location (self-motion imagery). This enabled us to assess their ability to simulate the movement of their own bodies. The performance in the control group improved in both the self-motion and self-motion imagery tasks and both performances were correlated with verbal mental age. However, we did not find any developmental changes in performance for either task in the WS group. Performance scores for the self-motion imagery task in the WS group were low, similar to the scores observed for the VPT2 in this population. These results suggest that MR and VPT2 tasks involve different processes, and that these processes develop differently in people with WS. Moreover, difficulty completing VPT2 tasks may be partly because of an inability of people with WS to accurately simulate mental body motion.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome

Hirai

Muramatsu

Mizuno

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Thus, more research is needed employing larger samples, including more representative participants with DS, and testing diverse versions of rotation tasks. Use of materials that are developmentally appropriate for people with intellectual disabilities (e.g., Stinton, Farran, & Courbois, 2008) will also be important if researchers are to understand mental rotation skills in DS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuo-spatial ability in individuals with Down syndrome: Is it really a strength?

Yang

Conners

Merrill

2014

Research in Developmental Disabilities

103

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Down syndrome (DS) is associated with extreme difficulty in verbal skills and relatively better visuo-spatial skills. Indeed, visuo-spatial ability is often considered a strength in DS. However, it is not clear whether this strength is only relative to the poor verbal skills, or, more impressively, relative to cognitive ability in general. To answer this question, we conducted an extensive literature review of studies on visuo-spatial abilities in people with Down syndrome from January 1987 to May 2013. Based on a general taxonomy of spatial abilities patterned after Lohman, Pellegrino, Alderton, and Regian (1987) and Carroll (1993) and existing studies of DS, we included five different domains of spatial abilities – visuo-spatial memory, visuo-spatial construction, mental rotation, closure, and wayfinding. We evaluated a total of 49 studies including 127 different comparisons. Most comparisons involved a group with DS vs. a group with typical development matched on mental age and compared on a task measuring one of the five visuo-spatial abilities. Although further research is needed for firm conclusions on some visuo-spatial abilities, there was no evidence that visuo-spatial ability is a strength in DS relative to general cognitive ability. Rather, the review suggests an uneven profile of visuo-spatial abilities in DS in which some abilities are commensurate with general cognitive ability level, and others are below.

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References

2010

Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention for Childhood and Adolescent Disorders

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Mental Rotation in Williams Syndrome: An Impaired Ability

Abstract: Typically developing young children and individuals with intellectual disabilities often perform poorly on mental rotation tasks when the stimulus they are rotating lacks a salient component. However, performance can be improved when salience is increased.

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome

Developmental changes in mental rotation ability and visual perspective-taking in children and adults with Williams syndrome

Visuo-spatial ability in individuals with Down syndrome: Is it really a strength?

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