“…View-point dependent effects have also been obtained with novel objects rotated in the picture plane (e.g., Tarr & Pinker, 1989 and in depth (e.g., Bulthoff & Edelman, 1992;Hayward & Tarr, 1997;Tarr, 1995;Willems & Wagemans, 2001). In consequence view-based (or image-based) theories (e.g., Bülthoff & Edelman, 1992;Edelman & Intrator, 2003;Poggio & Edelman, 1990;Tarr & Bülthoff, 1995;Tarr & Pinker, 1989) propose that we recognize objects by matching their images to specific holistic views in long-term memory). However, not all object recognition is viewpoint-dependent.…”