As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted impact on every aspect of daily life, it is important to adopt appropriate measures to cope with the situation. Since dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are characterized with high level of stress and have the potential for exposure to infectious materials, the mental state of them requires concern. This study used two web-based questionnaires to compare the anxiety state of DHCP to that of the general public after dental settings in Yichang, China returned to a full scope of services. Subsequently, potential factors influencing the anxiety state of DHCP were analyzed. Results indicated that they were more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than the general public were. For DHCP, those who were at a younger age, provided care without level three protective measures, had conflicts with patients or colleagues, and/or had less knowledge of COVID-19 were more prone to anxiety disorders. Practical suggestions were proposed at the end of this study to help DHCP maintain better mental health conditions. As COVID-19 continues to spread, this study could provide data support for adopting appropriate measures at dental settings.