“…It has been elucidated that during adolescence, there is a heightened vulnerability to the emergence of mental health issues such as depression (Thapar et al, 2012). Mental health problems among adolescents have been reported in Hong Kong (Yuen et al, 2019), Korea (Jeon et al, 2020), China (Chi et al, 2021), Taiwan (Jhang, 2020), Bangladesh (Moonajilin et al, 2020), and Indonesia (Kaloeti et al, 2019). The mental health challenges encountered by adolescents can be attributed to a variety of factors, including exposure to acute stressful events such as personal injuries and bereavement, as well as enduring chronic hardships such as poverty, bullying, family conflicts, abuse, and physical illness (Badr et al, 2018;Collishaw, 2015;Eyuboglu et al, 2021;Thapar et al, 2012).…”