Mental Health Benefits of Breastfeeding: A Literature Review

Abstract

Pregnancy is typically viewed as a time of emotional well-being for prospective mothers, but for some, this period can negatively impact mental health. However, the relationship between postpartum mental health and breastfeeding is not clearly understood. Considering that many health authorities recommend breastfeeding, clearly defining this relationship is important. This review aims to illustrate the effects that breastfeeding has on the mental health of postpartum mothers. An extensive computerized search was performed through databases of PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline. All studies conducted to determine the effects of breastfeeding on mental health were screened and included in this review. Search terms related to breastfeeding, postpartum, and mental health were used. This review on breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD) begins by discussing the correlation between lactation and the maternal stress response. Another component discussed is the duration of breastfeeding and its importance in limiting PPD symptoms. The review then shifts to focus more on the psychological aspects of breastfeeding, notably on changes to the sleep-wake cycle and mother-infant interactions. The final part of the review emphasizes the danger that early breastfeeding cessation imposes on a mother's mental health, portraying how prenatal and early-onset postpartum depression may lead to early breastfeeding cessation. This composite collection of studies clarifies the importance of breastfeeding in reducing the incidence and severity of maternal postpartum depression.

Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mental Health Hospitalizations or Emergency Department Visits

“…Maternal ICU admission often co-occurs with SMM, resulting in separation of parent and neonate and subsequent maternal distress . Also, individuals with SMM are less likely to experience factors associated with protection against mental illness, like exclusive breastfeeding, mother-infant bonding, and adequate sleep …”

“…[38][39][40] Also, individuals with SMM are less likely to experience factors associated with protection against mental illness, like exclusive breastfeeding, mother-infant bonding, and adequate sleep 8,9,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Figure 2.…”

Benefits of breastfeedinig for mother and child

“…Studies show that breastfeeding reduces the incidence of postpartum depression. If depression does occur, early recognition of the symptoms and seeking professional help will reduce the possibility of early termination of breastfeeding your child (9).…”

Prevalencia, beneficios y principales causas de abandono de la lactancia materna

“…Otros estudios han descubierto que la LM influye en los cambios psiconeuroinmunológicos que reducen la ansiedad y la depresión maternos. En este sentido, se encontró que amamantar aumenta la autoeficacia de la lactancia y favorece el contacto físico entre la madre y su bebé, lo que genera un mejor estado emocional en la madre (Tucker y O'Malley, 2022).…”

“…La madre también se ve beneficiada cuando alimenta a su hijo/a con leche materna. Estudios señalan que amamantar genera cambios psiconeuroinmunológicos que reducen la ansiedad y depresión maternos (Tucker y O'Malley, 2022). Además, disminuye las tasas de cáncer de ovario, cáncer de mama premenopáusico, obesidad, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminución de la presión arterial (Dayan et al, 2023).…”