Mental Health and Time Management Behavior among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: Towards Persuasive Technology Design

Abstract

The study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ mental health in higher education while capturing their perceptions and attitudes towards time management. The aim was to examine relationships between stress, anxiety, and specific time management-related factors. Considering possible differences between genders and degree levels, we developed five structural equation models (SEMs) to delineate these relationships. Results of a large-scale study of 502 participants show that students suffered from stress and two types of COVID-19-related anxiety: disease and consequences. Students’ preference for organization was the only factor that significantly promoted their perceived control over time, which contributes to reducing stress, hence anxiety. However, female students reported higher stress and anxiety levels than male students. Graduate students reported higher anxiety levels related to the consequences of the pandemic compared to undergrads. To promote students’ preference for organization, we map the three categories of organization to corresponding persuasive strategies which could be used in the design of persuasive interventions. This creates an opportunity for developing technological interventions to improve students’ perceived control over time, thus reduce stress and anxiety.

Students Knowledge gains, Self-efficacy, Perceived Level of Engagement, and Perceptionswith regard toHome-based Biology Experiments(HBEs)

“…They also were not able to submit on time due to distractions at home and poor time management. These findings support the studies of Mona et al (2022), andFostervold et al (2022) who reported that pupil stress were increased by both their procrastination and independent study time, whereas remote teaching might reduced procrastination at a moderate level.…”

How Does Emergency Remote Learning Affect the Future Career Readiness of Indonesian EFL Preservice Teachers?

“…Adapting to the changes required time and effort and placed a burden on learners to learn new technology, which had the potential to cause learning demotivation. This study found that the majority of participants suffered from learning demotivation, resulting in learning time mismanagement (Alhasani et al, 2022). However, as time progressed, there were indications of changes in habits of participants, which tended to be positive -the application of remote learning forced them to adapt by improving their time management.…”

What’s on your Mind? Impact of Online Education on Students’ Mental Wellness

“…As Ali et al (2021) reported, negative consequences of loneliness on a person's mental wellness are more likely to be experienced by girls than boys. In parallel, Alhasani et al (2022) revealed females exhibited more anxiety and frustrations caused by social inequity, which places the majority of domestic tasks on girls when lockdown tasks and frequent studying increased tension and anxiety.…”

“…Females care for children, parents, and relatives. Lockdown chores elevated females' stress and anxiety (Alhasani, Alkhawaji, & Orji, 2022). Women are more prone than males to feel mental wellness effects of loneliness (Ali et al, 2021).…”