Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in German Adolescents after the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hussong, Justine; Möhler, Eva; Kühn, Anna Luisa; Mu, Wenning; Gehrke, Thomas; Burckhart, Holger; Richter, Ulf; Nonnenmacher, Alexandra; Zemlin, Michael; Lücke, Thomas; Brinkmann, Folke; Rothoeft, Tobias; Lehr, Thorsten

doi:10.3390/children9060780

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Sex and age were found to be positive predictors of the HRQoL. In this study, similarly to previous findings, the boys [ 21 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and the younger adolescents [ 39 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] had a better HRQoL. We expected these findings as sex and age differences in the health-related quality of life are confirmed and could be connected to puberty with all the biological, emotional, and social changes that occur during this period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anthropometric, Lifestyle Characteristics, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and COVID-19 Have a High Impact on the Greek Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life

Papadaki

Carayanni

Notara

et al. 2022

Foods

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Objective: The study aimed at analyzing the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as well as the burden of the pandemic on the health-related quality of life among Greek pupils. Research methods and procedures: On the whole, 2088 adolescents aged 12–18 years from Attica, Greece, were enlisted in this school-based cross-sectional study that took place in May–December 2021. Health-related quality of life was estimated through the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet—through the KIDMED test. For the empirical and econometric analyses, the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis means comparison tests were utilized; multiple linear regression was used accordingly. Results: The present study provides evidence to the fact that boys, younger adolescents, adolescents living with both parents and with highly educated mothers had a better health-related quality of life. Concerning their eating practices, positive predictors were consuming a better-quality breakfast, having all five meals daily, consuming lunch and dinner with parents, and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, sufficient night sleep time, fewer hours spent on screen viewing, more frequent walks, and having hobbies were linked to the health-related quality of life with a positive sign. In contrast, negative predictors were higher body mass index and everyday life difficulties due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Conclusions: Greek adolescents’ anthropometric characteristics, BMI, lifestyle and sedentary habits, eating habits, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were significantly related to their perceived health-related quality of life during the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anthropometric, Lifestyle Characteristics, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and COVID-19 Have a High Impact on the Greek Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life

Papadaki

Carayanni

Notara

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…However, HRQoL differed across time points as well as strata of sex and age, with older girls more frequently reporting low HRQoL compared to boys of both age groups and younger girls. This observation with respect to age and sex is in line with other studies [4,39,40] and has been reported prior to the COVID-19 pandemic [22]. Hypotheses about the causal mechanisms behind these differences include complex interactions of socio-behavioral and societal factors [41] and must be investigated further [40,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The present study took place during summer 2021 when pandemic-related restrictions were loosened and schools mostly open. Students in the study reported higher levels of HRQoL compared with results from other studies at earlier pandemic time points [40], which could be attributed to the easing of restrictions having a positive impact [4,39,44]. In June 2021 (T1), Berlin school students generally resumed classes with regular class sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Health-Related Quality of Life and Impact of Socioeconomic Status among Primary and Secondary School Students after the third COVID-19 Wave in Berlin, Germany

Kern

Glatz

Mall

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the earlier phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies in Germany and elsewhere found an overall reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among students. However, there is little evidence on later pandemic stages as well as socioeconomic influencing factors. We aimed to 1) describe HRQoL in a Berlin student cohort at two time points in mid-2021, and to 2) analyze the effects of household income and education. We assessed HRQoL of students from 24 randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Berlin, Germany with the KIDSCREEN-10 index in June and September 2021. To adjust for non-response bias, inverse probability weighting was applied. The potential effects of both household income and education (lower vs. higher) were estimated in generalized linear mixed models, based on prior assumptions presented in directed acyclic graphs. Our cohort comprised 660 students aged 7-19 years. In June 2021, 11.3% reported low HRQoL, whereas in September 2021, this increased to 13.7%, with adolescent girls more frequently reporting low HRQoL than boys and younger children at both time points (20% and 29%). While there was no statistically significant total effect of lower household income on HRQoL, a negative effect of lower household education was statistically significant (β = -2.15, SE = 0.95, 95% CI = -4.01 to -0.29, p = 0.024). In summary, students’ HRQoL in mid-2021 was better than that documented in other studies conducted at pandemic onset. Female adolescents reported low HRQoL more often, and lower household education significantly reduced children's HRQoL. Support strategies for psychosocial wellbeing should consider socioeconomically disadvantaged children as important target groups.

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“…Barbieri et al observed that the proportion of children in South Tyrol with low HRQoL was higher in girls compared to boys (38 vs. 28%) ( 41 ). Another recent study from Germany also reported such age and gender differences ( 43 ). However, these findings are not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

COVID-19-related future anxiety is associated with the health-related quality of life in school-aged children and adolescents—A cross-sectional study

Kästner

Lücker²,

Hannich³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOver the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have shown that the physical as well as the mental health of children and adolescents significantly deteriorated. Future anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associations with quality of life has not previously been examined in school children.MethodsAs part of a cross-sectional web-based survey at schools in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, two years after the outbreak of the pandemic, school children were asked about COVID-19-related future anxiety using the German epidemic-related Dark Future Scale for children (eDFS-K). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the self-reported KIDSCREEN-10. The eDFS-K was psychometrically analyzed (internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis) and thereafter examined as a predictor of HRQoL in a general linear regression model.ResultsA total of N = 840 8–18-year-old children and adolescents were included in the analysis. The eDFS-K demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.77), and the confirmatory factor analysis further supported the one-factor structure of the four-item scale with an acceptable model fit. Over 43% of students were found to have low HRQoL. In addition, 47% of the students sometimes to often reported COVID-19-related fears about the future. Children with COVID-19-related future anxiety had significantly lower HRQoL (B = – 0.94, p < 0.001). Other predictors of lower HRQoL were older age (B = – 0.63, p < 0.001), and female (B = – 3.12, p < 0.001) and diverse (B = – 6.82, p < 0.001) gender.ConclusionTwo years after the outbreak of the pandemic, school-aged children continue to exhibit low HRQoL, which is further exacerbated in the presence of COVID-19-related future anxiety. Intervention programs with an increased focus on mental health also addressing future anxiety should be provided.

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Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in German Adolescents after the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Anthropometric, Lifestyle Characteristics, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and COVID-19 Have a High Impact on the Greek Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life

Anthropometric, Lifestyle Characteristics, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and COVID-19 Have a High Impact on the Greek Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life

Health-Related Quality of Life and Impact of Socioeconomic Status among Primary and Secondary School Students after the third COVID-19 Wave in Berlin, Germany

COVID-19-related future anxiety is associated with the health-related quality of life in school-aged children and adolescents—A cross-sectional study

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