Menstrual Status and Menopausal Age of Middle‐aged Swedish Women

Bengtsson, Calle; Lindquist, Olof; Redvall, Lars

doi:10.3109/00016348109158130

Cited by 42 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, the mean age at menopause among menopausal Emirati women attending PHC centres was 49.94 years ± 4.59, with a median age of 50.00 years. It appears that the median age of menopausal Emirati women is lower than the median age in developed regions and countries such as Western Europe, 12–15 Australia 16 and the USA 17 but similar to those in other non-Arab and Arab developing countries, such as most Asian countries, 18,19 Turkey, 20 Iran, 21 Mexico, 22 African countries, 23,24 Saudi Arabia, 25 Egypt, 26 Iraq 27 and Bahrain. 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Emirati women’s attitudes towards menopause: Implications for health care policy

et al. 2019

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Objectives: To investigate the attitudes of Emirati women aged 30-64 years towards menopause and determine the relationships between these attitudes and their sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics. Study design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 497 Emirati women attending five primary health care centres in Dubai using a multistage stratified and clustered random sampling technique. Emirati women were interviewed face-to-face via a structured questionnaire with two parts: sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and the attitudes towards menopause scale. Results: The mean AE S.D. of age was 42.06 years AE 8.716 (median 40 years). Mean age at menopause for the study sample (N ¼ 436) was 49.94 years AE 4.593 (median 50 years). Of the respondents, 36.6% had completed high school, and 41.4% had graduated from university. Approximately, 70.8% of the women were premenopausal, 13.1% were perimenopausal and 16.1% were postmenopausal. Sixty-four percent of the respondents had never used oral contraceptive pills, while 32.9% were past users; 44.6% were employed outside the home. Mean average attitudes score AE S.D. was 2.42 AE 0.26 (minimum score of 1 indicates very negative attitudes, maximum score of 4 indicates very positive attitudes). Statistically significant differences in mean average attitudes score were noted for employment and menopausal status, and mean average attitudes score was positively correlated with age. Premenopausal women held more positive attitudes towards menopause than peri-and postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Emirati women displayed neutral to positive attitudes towards menopause and premenopausal women exhibited more negative attitudes towards menopause than postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Emirati women’s attitudes towards menopause: Implications for health care policy

et al. 2019

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“…Risk of breast cancer was analysed for pre- and post-menopausal women separately by using age as a proxy for menopausal status. This stratification was performed as pre-menopausal women are known to have lower iron levels [22]. In the analysis of pre-menopausal women, individuals were followed to age 50 after which they were censored [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron metabolism and risk of cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study

Gaur

Collins

Wulaningsih

et al. 2013

Cancer Causes Control

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ObjectivesPre-clinical studies have shown that iron can be carcinogenic, but few population-based studies investigated the association between markers of the iron metabolism and risk of cancer while taking into account inflammation. We assessed the link between serum iron (SI), total-iron binding capacity (TIBC), and risk of cancer by levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in a large population-based study (n = 220,642).MethodsFrom the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) study, we selected all participants (>20 years old) with baseline measurements of serum SI, TIBC, and CRP. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was carried out for standardized and quartile values of SI and TIBC. Similar analyses were performed for specific cancers (pancreatic, colon, liver, respiratory, kidney, prostate, stomach, and breast cancer). To avoid reverse causation, we excluded those with follow-up <3 years.ResultsWe found a positive association between standardized TIBC and overall cancer [HR 1.03 (95 % CI 1.01–1.05)]. No statistically significant association was found between SI and cancer risk except for postmenopausal breast cancer [HR for standardized SI 1.09 (95 % CI 1.02–1.15)]. The association between TIBC and specific cancer was only statistically significant for colon cancer [i.e., HR for standardized TIBC: 1.17 (95 % CI 1.08–1.28)]. A borderline interaction between SI and levels of CRP was observed only in stomach cancer.ConclusionsAs opposed to pre-clinical findings for serum iron and cancer, this population-based epidemiological study showed an inverse relation between iron metabolism and cancer risk. Minimal role of inflammatory markers observed warrants further study focusing on developments of specific cancers.

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“…The number of women in each age group living in the county was obtained from the computerised population register. The incidence of postmenopausal bleeding was calculated according to the age dependent cumulative frequency of menopause in a Swedish population (Bengtsson et al 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding

Gredmark

Kvint

Havel

et al. 1995

BJOG

218

131

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Objective To investigate endometrial histopathology in a geographically defined population of women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding. Design Prospective study with collection of data during an 18–month period. Setting The health care county of Skaraborg, Sweden. Subjects Dilatation and curettage using general anaesthesia was performed on 457 postmenopausal women suffering from uterine bleeding. Women using hormone replacement therapy for climacteric complaints were not included in the investigation. Main outcome measures The frequency of bleeding was correlated to endometrial histopathology, and in relevant cases to pathological conditions in cervix and ovaries in a defined population of postmenopausal women. Results The incidence of postmenopausal bleeding decreased with increasing age while the probability of cancer as the underlying cause increased. The peak incidence of endometrial carcinoma was found in women between 65 and 69 years of age. Endometrial histopathology showed: atrophy (50%); proliferation (4%); secretion (1 %); polyps (9%); different degrees of hyperplasia (10 %); adenocarcinoma (8 %); not representative (14 %); other disorders (3 %). In six women a squamous carcinoma of the cervix was found, and eight proved to have ovarian tumours. Conclusions The histopathological finding of endometrial adenomatous hyperplasia or cancer in about 15% of the postmenopausal women with bleeding justifies a thorough examination. The probability of cancer as the underlying cause increased with age. The endometrium was atrophic in 50%. Eight women had ovarian tumours. These findings may imply that transvaginal ultrasound examination should be included in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding as occasionally endometrial biopsies of atrophic endometrium could be avoided and ovarian pathology detected.

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Menstrual Status and Menopausal Age of Middle‐aged Swedish Women

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Emirati women’s attitudes towards menopause: Implications for health care policy

Emirati women’s attitudes towards menopause: Implications for health care policy

Iron metabolism and risk of cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study

Histopathological findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding

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