Menstrual cycle carbohydrate metabolism

Spellacy, W.N.; Carlson, Karen L.; Schade, S.L.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34546-x

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In healthy nondiabetic women, some investigators have reported a worsening in glucose tolerance, as assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), during the luteal phase (4,5). However, other studies that used the OGTT (6,7) or the intravenous glucose tolerance test (8) did not find significant changes in glucose tolerance or insulin concentration as a function of the menstrual cycle phase. Evaluation of insulin sensitivity by means of the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique has also failed to detect alterations during the luteal phase in nondiabetic women (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Alterations in Glucose Metabolism During Menstrual Cycle in Women With IDDM

1992

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Alterations in Glucose Metabolism During Menstrual Cycle in Women With IDDM

1992

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“…Thus, this hypothesis cannot be supported from the literature. This is due to the fact that most reports describing the metabolic consequences of combined estrogen/progestagen OC do not take into consideration the day of the cycle used to perform control studies (28)(29)(30)(31)(32), perhaps because some authors have found no difference in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during the menstrual cycle (33,34). In contrast, other investigators have described differences during the cycle, with lower glucose tolerance in the luteal than in the follicular phase (35,36).…”

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Changes in Insulin Receptors during Oral Contraception*

Pirro

Forte

Bertoli

et al. 1981

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Combined estrogen/progestagen oral contraceptives (OC) have been reported to be associated with a deterioration of glucose tolerance and a decrease in insulin sensitivity; thus, since it has been suggested that steroids affect insulin receptor properties, the influence of OC on insulin receptors was investigated. The study groups were composed of nine normal menstruating women (controls), nine pill users, and two healthy women on OC for the first time. Insulin receptors on monocytes were evaluated at 7-day intervals during the 28 days between menses. Insulin receptor concentration and/or affinity did not show any variation in pill users during the test period and did not differ from values observed in controls in the luteal phase; consequently, the insulin receptor concentration in pill users is lower than that during the follicular phase or in men. The physiological variation of insulin receptor concentration and the increase of receptor affinity in the midfollicular phase, which characterize the normal menstrual cycle, are therefore abolished by OC. This effect occurs rapidly because it was also evident in the two women on OC for the first time. No difference was observed in fasting blood glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations between control subjects and pill users. The present data appear to confirm that sex steroids affect the insulin receptor and lend further support to the concept that caution must be used in clinical studies of insulin receptors when women are included. In addition, the results suggest that insulin receptors may play a role in the glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity which have been described in pill users.

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“…In contrast, studies measuring glucose and insulin responses to an OGTT 30 , 40 or to an IVGTT, 28 , 29 as well as insulin‐mediated glucose disposal using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, 41 – 43 have shown no differences between follicular and luteal cycle phases in healthy women. Similarly, in the current study, premenopausal women evidenced no luteal phase abnormality in glucose tolerance as assessed by OGTT.…”

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confidence: 99%