Menopause in Nonhuman Primates?1

Walker, Margaret L.; Herndon, James G.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.108.068536

Cited by 157 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…Because women have a uniquely long postreproductive survival potential (Walker & Herndon, 2008), human studies are critical to unravel immunological changes induced by menopause and aging. Recognizing that human and mouse studies indicate that anatomical location influences T‐cell immunity, the studies presented here focus on tissues from three distinct anatomical sites in the FRT, from women between 27 and 77 years old, to define the extent to which CD103 + T cells and DCs are uniquely regulated in the FRT over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

et al. 2018

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SummaryAs women age, susceptibility to systemic and genital infections increases. Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRMs) are CD103+ CD8+ long‐lived lymphocytes that provide critical mucosal immune protection. Mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) are known to induce CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells. While CD103+ CD8+ T cells are found throughout the female reproductive tract (FRT), the extent to which aging impacts their presence and induction by DCs remains unknown. Using hysterectomy tissues, we found that endometrial CD103+ CD8+ T cells were increased in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. Endometrial DCs from postmenopausal women were significantly more effective at inducing CD103 expression on allogeneic naïve CD8+ T cells than DCs from premenopausal women; CD103 upregulation was mediated through membrane‐bound TGFβ signaling. In contrast, cervical CD103+ T cells and DC numbers declined in postmenopausal women with age. Decreases in DCs correlated with decreased CD103+ T cells in endocervix, but not ectocervix. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized compartmentalization of TRMs in the FRT of postmenopausal women, with loss of TRMs and DCs in the cervix with aging, and increased TRMs and DC induction capacity in the endometrium. These findings are relevant to understanding immune protection in the FRT and to the design of vaccines for women of all ages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Menopause is part of the aging process in women, which occurs at the mean age of 50 years, with premature menopause occurring in women younger than 40 years (Walker & Herndon, 2008). With menopause, sex hormone fluctuations decline and hormone levels remain low and constant (Givan et al., 1997; Wira, Rodriguez‐Garcia & Patel, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

et al. 2018

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“…Although human age equivalence can be roughly estimated at 1:3 (Tigges et al 1988), the ratio is not uniform across every stage of development (Voytko and Tinkler 2004). For example, menopause occurs by 27 years old, which is very late in life relative to humans Walker and Herndon 2008).…”

Section: Nonhuman Primate As a Model Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is becoming increasingly evident that there is a strong interaction between agerelated cognitive decline and endocrine changes (Hao et al 2007;Henderson 2008). Female macaque monkeys are valuable models of menopause because they share many reproductive and endocrine features with women and also undergo menopause in a similar manner to women Walker and Herndon 2008).…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal and morphological bases of cognitive decline in aged rhesus monkeys

Hara

Rapp

Morrison

2011

AGE

120

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Rhesus monkeys provide a valuable model for studying the basis of cognitive aging because they are vulnerable to age-related decline in executive function and memory in a manner similar to humans. Some of the behavioral tasks sensitive to the effects of aging are the delayed response working memory test, recognition memory tests including the delayed nonmatching-to-sample and the delayed recognition span task, and tests of executive function including reversal learning and conceptual set-shifting task. Much effort has been directed toward discovering the neurobiological parameters that are coupled to individual differences in age-related cognitive decline. Area 46 of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has been extensively studied for its critical role in executive function while the hippocampus and related cortical regions have been a major target of research for memory function. Some of the key age-related changes in area 46 include decreases in volume, microcolumn strength, synapse density, and α1-and α2-adrenergic receptor binding densities. All of these measures significantly correlate with cognitive scores. Interestingly, the critical synaptic subtypes associated with cognitive function appear to be different between the dlPFC and the hippocampus. For example, the dendritic spine subtype most critical to task acquisition and vulnerable to aging in area 46 is the thin spine, whereas in the dentate gyrus, the density of AGE (2012) large mushroom spines with perforated synapses correlates with memory performance. This review summarizes age-related changes in anatomical, neuronal, and synaptic parameters within brain areas implicated in cognition and whether these changes are associated with cognitive decline.

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“…Females of all primate species experience clinical menopause, defined as the permanent termination of ovulation (Walker and Herndon 2008). A question of greater interest to evolutionary biologists, however, is when in the life cycle menopause occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause occurs late in life in the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Herndon

Paredes

Wilson

et al. 2011

AGE

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Menopause in women occurs at mid-life. Chimpanzees, in contrast, continue to display cycles of menstrual bleeding and genital swelling, suggestive of ovulation, until near their maximum life span of about 60 years. Because ovulation was not confirmed hormonally, however, the age at which chimpanzees experience menopause has remained uncertain. In the present study, we provide hormonal data from urine samples collected from 30 female chimpanzees, of which 9 were old (>30 years), including 2 above the age of 50 years. Eight old chimpanzees showed clear endocrine evidence of ovulation, as well as cycles of genital swelling that correlated closely with measured endocrine changes. Endocrine evidence thus confirms prior observations (cyclic anogenital swelling) that menopause is a late-life event in the chimpanzee. We also unexpectedly discovered an idiopathic anovulation in some young and middle-aged chimpanzees; this merits further study. Because our results on old chimpanzees validate the use of anogenital swelling as a surrogate index of ovulation, we were able to combine data on swelling and urinary hormones to provide the first estimates of age-specific rates of menopause in chimpanzees. We conclude that menopause occurs near 50 years of age in chimpanzees as it does in women. Our finding identifies a basic difference between the human and chimpanzee aging processes: female chimpanzees can remain reproductively viable for a greater proportion of their life span than women. Thus, while menopause marks the end of the chimpanzee's life span, women may thrive for decades more.

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Menopause in Nonhuman Primates?1

Cited by 157 publications

References 115 publications

Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

Neuronal and morphological bases of cognitive decline in aged rhesus monkeys

Menopause occurs late in life in the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

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Menopause in Nonhuman Primates?1

Cited by 157 publications

References 115 publications

Aging impacts CD103+CD8+ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

Aging impacts CD103+CD8+ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

Neuronal and morphological bases of cognitive decline in aged rhesus monkeys

Menopause occurs late in life in the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

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Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract

Aging impacts CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cell presence and induction by dendritic cells in the genital tract