Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS

Leskinen, Sandra; Flowers, Xena E; Thoene, Katharina; Uhlemann, Anne‐Catrin; Goldman, James E.; Hickman, Richard A.

doi:10.1186/s40478-020-00937-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Identification of this organism requires a strong index of suspicion, heme-supplemented media, and incubation at cooler temperatures (30-32°C) for optimal growth. 23 Because of these requirements, this bacterium is rarely isolated, and long-term prognosis following treatment is unknown. Since this species cannot be cultivated on routine mycobacterial culture media, PCR with DNA sequencing is the most viable alternative for diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional culture methods that apply to other mycobacteria do not generally succeed with M haemophilum , as was demonstrated by the failure of two mycobacteria‐specific culture methods. Identification of this organism requires a strong index of suspicion, heme‐supplemented media, and incubation at cooler temperatures (30‐32°C) for optimal growth 23 . Because of these requirements, this bacterium is rarely isolated, and long‐term prognosis following treatment is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid

New

Coates

Wellehan

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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with a history of lethargy, generalized pain, and vomiting. Initial medical intervention by the primary care veterinarian included corticosteroids, cephalexin (500 mg per os [PO] q 12 hours), and terbinafine (560 mg PO q 24 hours). The dog was current on vaccinations. At 9 months of age, the dog was diagnosed with a foreign body lodged ventral to the right mandible. Wood and debris were surgically removed but a second surgery after 5 days was required to manage an abscess. Microbial culture yielded Fusobacterium spp. with antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin. Additional treatment included pain management and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 20 mg/kg PO q 12 hours for 2 weeks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid

New

Coates

Wellehan

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and predictors of outcome in nontuberculous mycobacterial central nervous system infection: a systematic review

Meena,

Kumar,

Meena

et al. 2023

Trop Med Health

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Background CNS manifestations represent an emerging facet of NTM infection with significant mortality. Due to protean presentation and low index of suspicion, many cases are often treated erroneously as tubercular meningitis or fungal infections. Objectives Literature on NTM CNS disease is scarce, with most available data on pulmonary disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and predictors of outcome in CNS NTM infection. Methods The literature search was performed in major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) using keywords “CNS,” “Central nervous system,” “brain abscess,” “meningitis,” “spinal,” “Nontuberculous mycobacteria,” “NTM”. All cases of CNS NTM infection reported between January 1980 and December 2022 were included. Results A total of 77 studies (112 cases) were included in the final analysis. The mean age of all patients was 38 years, with most patients male (62.5%). Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common aetiology, followed by M. fortuitum and M. abscessus (34.8%, 21.4% and 15.2%, respectively). The disseminated disease was found in 33% of cases. HIV (33.9%) and neurosurgical hardware (22.3%) were the common risk factors. Intracranial abscess (36.6%) and leptomeningeal enhancement (28%) were the most prevalent findings in neuroimaging. The overall case fatality rate was 37.5%. On multivariate analysis, male gender (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–7.9) and HIV (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8–6.1) were the independent predictors of mortality). M. fortuitum infection was significantly associated with increased survival (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI (0.08–0.45), p value 0.012). Conclusions Current evidence shows the emerging role of rapid-grower NTM in CNS disease. Male gender and HIV positivity were associated with significant mortality, while M fortuitum carries favourable outcomes.

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Neurological manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacteria in adults: case series and review of the literature

Mina,

Kline,

Manion

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) mediated infections are important to consider in cases with neuroinflammatory presentations. We aimed to characterize cases of NTM with neurological manifestations at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and review the relevant literature.Materials and methodsBetween January 1995 and December 2020, six cases were identified. Records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics. A MEDLINE search found previously reported cases. Data were extracted, followed by statistical analysis to compare two groups [cases with slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM) vs. those with rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)] and evaluate for predictors of survival. NIH cases were evaluated for clinical and radiological characteristics. Cases from the literature were reviewed to determine the differences between SGM and RGM cases and to identify predictors of survival.ResultsSix cases from NIH were identified (age 41 ± 13, 83% male). Five cases were caused by SGM [Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) n = 4; Mycobacterium haemophilum n = 1] and one due to RGM (Mycobacterium abscessus). Underlying immune disorders were identified only in the SGM cases [genetic (n = 2), HIV (n = 1), sarcoidosis (n = 1), and anti-interferon-gamma antibodies (n = 1)]. All cases were diagnosed using tissue analysis. A literature review found 81 reports on 125 cases (SGM n = 85, RGM n = 38, non-identified n = 2). No immune disorder was reported in 26 cases (21%). Within SGM cases, the most common underlying disease was HIV infection (n = 55, 65%), and seizures and focal lesions were more common. In RGM cases, the most common underlying condition was neurosurgical intervention or implants (55%), and headaches and meningeal signs were common. Tissue-based diagnosis was used more for SGM than RGM (39% vs. 13%, p = 0.04). Survival rates were similar in both groups (48% SGM and 55% in RGM). Factors associated with better survival were a solitary CNS lesion (OR 5.9, p = 0.01) and a diagnosis made by CSF sampling only (OR 9.9, p = 0.04).DiscussionNTM infections cause diverse neurological manifestations, with some distinctions between SGM and RGM infections. Tissue sampling may be necessary to establish the diagnosis, and an effort should be made to identify an underlying immune disorder.

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Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid

Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in canine cerebrospinal fluid

Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and predictors of outcome in nontuberculous mycobacterial central nervous system infection: a systematic review

Neurological manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacteria in adults: case series and review of the literature

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