Meningococcal Infections in Bolton, 1971-74

Farries, J. S.; Dickson, W P; Greenwood, Eleni A.; Malhotra, Tani; Abbott, Jane; Jones, D. M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90016-1

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A similar (but non-significant) trend was observed in our study. Munford and others have proposed that meningococci are usually introduced into the household by adult members, spreading secondarily to susceptible children and infants [14,23]. The lower likelihood of isolating indistinguishable meningococci from household contacts of older cases suggests that these cases may acquire meningococci more frequently from social contacts outside the immediate family.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal carriage in close contacts of cases

Cartwright¹,

Stuart²,

Robinson³

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYBetween 1 October 1986 and 31 March 1987, 55 cases of meningococcal disease were identified in the South-West of England, an attack rate of 1-54 per 100000 during the study period. Antibiotics used in the treatment of the disease successfully eliminated nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci in 13 out of 14 cases without use of rifampicin. The overall meningococcal carriage rate in 384 close contacts was 18-2 % and the carriage rate of strains indistinguishable from the associated case strain was 11 1 %. The carriage rate of indistinguishable strains in household contacts (16-0 %) was higher than the carriage rate in contacts living at other addresses (7 0 %, P < 0-05). A 2-day course of rifampicin successfully eradicated meningococci from 46 (98 %) of 47 colonized contacts.In one third of cases groupable meningococci were isolated from at least one household contact; 92 % of these isolates were of the same serogroup as the associated case strain. When a meningococcus is not isolated from a deep site in a clinical case of meningococcal disease, culture of serogroup A or C strains from nasopharyngeal swabs of the case or of household contacts is an indication that the close contact group should be offered meningococcal A + C vaccine in addition to chemoprophylaxis. The failure in this and other studies to isolate meningococci from any household contact in the majority of cases may be due either to the relative insensitivity of nasopharyngeal swabbing in detecting meningococcal carriage or to the acquisition of meningococci by most index cases from sources outside the household.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal carriage in close contacts of cases

Cartwright¹,

Stuart²,

Robinson³

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…In 1971-4 an outbreak in Bolton, England, was caused by sulphonamide-susceptible group B type 2 strains; this outbreak was characterized by a high attack rate in young children 6-11 months of age [8]. At the same time, 1972-3, group B meningococci predominated in an outbreak in Devon, England, in which about 2/3 of the patients were under 10 years of age [9].…”

Section: The Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of serogroup B:15:P1.16 meningococcal disease, Frederiksborg county, Denmark, 1987–9

Samuelsson

Ege²,

Berthelsen³

et al. 1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYEpidemiological features of an outbreak of group B:15:P1.16 meningococcal disease (MD) in Frederiksborg country, Denmark, 1987–9, were investigated. The study comprised 149 cases notified during the outbreak and the two preceding years; 115 were confirmed by the isolation of Neisseria meningitidis. In 1989 the incidence had increased to 14·1 per 100 000 population. Among group B strains, B:15:P1.16 accounted for 80% (77/97). The overall mortality rate was 10% (15/149). Regarding cases due to group B:15:P1.16 strains a significant time-space clustering, which exclusively occurred within the 10–19 years age group, was demonstrated. The link between cases within clusters was indirect or unknown, except for ten patients with contact to one particular school. The prophylactic measures used included administration of rifampicin to household contacts. During the outbreak the proportion of secondary cases was high (6–15%). All secondary cases occurred outside the household indicating that the household had been protected.

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“…Several environmental factors have been associated with susceptibility to meningococcal disease: passive exposure to cigarette smoke [4,5]; overcrowded accommodation [6]; poverty and lower social class [7]; strenuous physical activity [5]; predisposing viral infections [8][9][10]. As the population affected was old enough to have enough smokers for statistical analysis, the effects of smoking or passive exposure to cigarette smoke on carriage of meningococci among students and staff was examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretor status, smoking and carriage ofNeisseria meningitidis

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYA survey of ABO blood groups, secretor status and smoking habits among 389 students and staff of a school in which there was an outbreak of meningococcal disease found no difference in the distribution of the ABO blood groups but a significantly higher proportion of non-secretors (37·6%) in the population examined compared with that reported for previous surveys of the neighbouring population in Glasgow (26·2%) (P< 0·0005). There was also a significantly higher proportion of non-secretors among carriers of meningococci (47%) compared with non-carriers (32%). Increased carriage of meningococci among non-secretors might contribute to the increased susceptibility of individuals with this genetic characteristic to meningococcal disease observed in previous studies. Although passive exposure to cigarette smoke has been associated with meningococcal disease, there was no association between passive smoking and carriage. There was, however, a significant association between active smoking and carriage.

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Meningococcal Infections in Bolton, 1971-74

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

Meningococcal carriage in close contacts of cases

Meningococcal carriage in close contacts of cases

An outbreak of serogroup B:15:P1.16 meningococcal disease, Frederiksborg county, Denmark, 1987–9

Secretor status, smoking and carriage ofNeisseria meningitidis

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