Meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt

Trotter, Caroline; Greenwood, Brian

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70288-8

Cited by 141 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Carriage is age-dependent, with a point prevalence of 10e35% in young adults in Europe 36 ; in subSaharan Africa, it is highest in children. 37 A number of factors affect carriage, such as contact with other carriers, age, sex, respiratory tract infections, tobacco smoke exposure, social behavior, living conditions, etc.…”

Section: Conducting Carriage Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Borrow

Caugant

Ceyhan

et al. 2017

Journal of Infection

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Section: Conducting Carriage Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Borrow

Caugant

Ceyhan

et al. 2017

Journal of Infection

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“…Even with appropriate treatment, the mortality rate fluctuates around 10 per cent, and 10-15% of survivors suffer long-term neurological sequelae [7]. Asymptomatic carriage is common, which most often does not lead to the consecutive development of the illness [8,9]. Despite a strong seasonality, the determinants of meningitis dynamics are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main hypothesis to explain climate impact on meningitis epidemics is an increase in the invasion rate (i.e. shift from carrier to infected status) [10]: persistent low air humidity and high dust loads are believed to damage the pharyngeal mucosa and ease the colonization of the epithelium by the meningococci [5,6,8,14]. Additionally, increased incidence could be attributed to higher transmission levels, due for instance to changes in living habits, such as proximity of individuals as they take refuge from the dusty winds [6,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of meningitis in Africa and climate forcing: aerosols stand out

Agier

Deroubaix

Martiny

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Bacterial meningitis is an ongoing threat for the population of the African Meningitis Belt, a region characterized by the highest incidence rates worldwide. The determinants of the disease dynamics are still poorly understood; nevertheless, it is often advocated that climate and mineral dust have a large impact. Over the last decade, several studies have investigated this relationship at a large scale. In this analysis, we scaled down to the district-level weekly scale (which is used for in-year response to emerging epidemics), and used wavelet and phase analysis methods to define and compare the time-varying periodicities of meningitis, climate and dust in Niger. We mostly focused on detecting time-lags between the signals that were consistent across districts. Results highlighted the special case of dust in comparison to wind, humidity or temperature: a strong similarity between districts is noticed in the evolution of the time-lags between the seasonal component of dust and meningitis. This result, together with the assumption of dust damaging the pharyngeal mucosa and easing bacterial invasion, reinforces our confidence in dust forcing on meningitis seasonality. Dust data should now be integrated in epidemiological and forecasting models to make them more realistic and usable in a public health perspective.

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“…However, risk factors associated with carriage in other parts of the world might not necessarily represent the situation in West Africa, since strain distribution and socioeconomic conditions may be quite different. Previous carriage studies conducted in Africa have provided variable information on prevalence and affected age groups (34). To accurately determine the ability of MenAfriVac to reduce carriage of serogroup A N. meningitidis, an initial milestone consists of securing good baseline data on serogroup A carriage prevalence before the introduction of the vaccine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine

Kristiansen

Diomandé

Wei

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1-to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, and porA-fetA sequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage prevalence for meningococci was 3.98%; the highest prevalence was among the 15-to 19-yearolds for males and among the 10-to 14-year-olds for females. Serogroup Y dominated (2.28%), followed by serogroups X (0.44%), A (0.39%), and W135 (0.34%). Carriage prevalence was the highest in the rural districts and in the dry season, but serogroup distribution also varied by district. A total of 29 sequence types (STs) and 51 porA-fetA combinations were identified. The dominant clone was serogroup Y, ST-4375, P1.5-1,2-2/F5-8, belonging to the ST-23 complex (47%). All serogroup A isolates were ST-2859 of the ST-5 complex with P1

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Meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt

Cited by 141 publications

References 49 publications

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

Seasonality of meningitis in Africa and climate forcing: aerosols stand out

Baseline Meningococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of a Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine

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