Meningococcal carriage in children and young adults in the Philippines: a single group, cross-sectional study

Gonzales, Maria; Bianco, Véronique; Vyse, Andrew

doi:10.1017/s0950268816002119

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although practices vary, chemoprophylaxis is commonly prescribed, with immunization only being recommended for those in high-risk groups. 24 These groups may include people with complement deficiencies, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or those attending a pilgrimage or a mass gathering in another country/region. Such recommendations are promoted in Vietnam, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and Indonesia.…”

Section: Serogroup Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease surveillance in the Asia–Pacific region (2020): The global meningococcal initiative

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Bai

Borrow

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection

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The incidence of IMD is low and similar across the represented countries (< 0.2 cases per 10 0,0 0 0 persons per year), with the predominant serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis being B, W and Y, although serogroups A and X are present in some areas. Resistance to ciprofloxacin is also of concern, with the close monitoring of antibiotic-resistant clonal complexes (e.g., cc4821) being a priority. Meningococcal vaccination is only included in a few National Immunization Programs, but is recommended for high-risk groups, including travellers (such as pilgrims) and people with complement deficiencies or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines form part of recommendations. However, cost and misconceptions remain limiting factors in vaccine uptake, despite conjugate vaccines preventing the acquisition of carriage.

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Section: Serogroup Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease surveillance in the Asia–Pacific region (2020): The global meningococcal initiative

Aye

Bai

Borrow

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection

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“…Currently, low and middle income countries in Asia do not have routine and robust IMD surveillance programs; therefore, disease burden and at-risk populations are not well elucidated [19,48]. In addition, few countries in the region currently include meningococcal vaccines in their national immunization programs (Table S1) [24].…”

Section: Surveillance Disease and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Of these, nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review, including two studies from China [51,53], three from India [54][55][56], and one each from Malaysia [57], Nepal [58], the Philippines [48], and Thailand [59] (Fig. 3; Table 3).…”

Section: Literature Search Findings On Carriage In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in Low and Middle Income Countries of the Americas and Asia: A Review of the Literature

2020

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Introduction: Meningococcal colonization, or carriage, can progress to invasive meningococcal disease, a serious public health concern, with rapid progression of disease and severe consequences if left untreated. Information on meningococcal carriage and epidemiology in low/middle income American and Asian countries remains sparse. These data are crucial to ensure that appropriate preventive strategies such as vaccination can be implemented in these regions. The goal of this study was to summarize the Neisseria meningitidis carriage literature in low and middle income countries of the Americas and Asia. Methods: Target countries were categorized as low and middle income according to the International Monetary Fund classification of low income/developing economies and middle income/emerging market economies, respectively. A PubMed search identified Englishlanguage publications that examined carriage in these countries. Studies reporting the epidemiology of N. meningitidis carriage or assessing risk factors for carriage were included. Results: Fourteen studies from the Americas [Brazil (n = 7), Chile (n = 3), and Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, and Paraguay (n = 1 each)] and nine from Asia [China (n = 2), India (n = 3), and Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, and Thailand (n = 1 each)] were identified; an additional Cuban study from the authors' files was also included. Studies were not identified in many target countries, and substantial diversity was observed among study methodologies, populations, and time periods, thereby limiting comparison between studies. The carriage rate in the Americas ranged from 1.6% to 9.9% and from 1.4% to 14.2% in Asia. Consistent risk factors for carriage were not identified. Conclusions: There is a lack of comprehensive and contemporary information on meningococcal carriage in low and medium income countries of the Americas and Asia. Future Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 11962566.

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“…Studies that have assessed the prevalence of carriage within specific countries/populations show remarkable differences. For instance, in a study carried out on university students in the UK during the winter of 2009/2010, it was found that carriage rates could reach 55% [ 17 ]; another recent study in the UK shows carriage rates from 3.9 to 26.5% in students aged 10–25 [ 18 ]; while carriage in children and young adults in The Philippines ranged, according to age, from less than 3% to 9% [ 19 ]. In Chile, a previous study performed in university students has revealed a lower carriage rate compared to European countries (4% in a cohort of 500 students] [ 20 ], a result that was attributed to our educational system lacking massive student residences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Neisseria meningitidis W:cc11 invasive disease in Chile has no correlation with carriage in adolescents

et al. 2018

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Neisseria meningitidis is a human exclusive pathogen that can lead to invasive meningococcal disease or may be carried in the upper respiratory tract without symptoms. The relationship between carriage and disease remains poorly understood but it is widely accepted that decreasing carriage by immunization should lead to a reduction of invasive cases. Latin America has experienced an increased incidence of serogroup W invasive cases of Neisseria meningitidis in the last decade. Specifically in Chile, despite low total incidence of invasive cases, serogroup W has become predominant since 2011 and has been associated with elevated mortality. Expecting to gain insight into the epidemiology of this disease, this study has used molecular typing schemes to compare Neisseria meningitidis isolates causing invasive disease with those isolates collected from adolescent carriers during the same period in Chile. A lower carriage of the serogroup W clonal complex ST-11/ET37 than expected was found; whereas, the same clonal complex accounted for 66% of total invasive meningococcal disease cases in the country that year. A high diversity of PorA variable regions and fHbp peptides was also ascertained in the carrier isolates compared to the invasive ones. According to the results shown here, the elevated number of serogroup W invasive cases in our country cannot be explained by a rise of carriage of pathogenic isolates. Overall, this study supports the idea that some strains, as W:cc11 found in Chile, possess an enhanced virulence to invade the host. Notwithstanding hypervirulence, this strain has not caused an epidemic in Chile. Finally, as genetic transfer occurs often, close surveillance of Neisseria meningitidis strains causing disease, and particularly hypervirulent W:cc11, should be kept as a priority in our country, in order to prepare the best response to face genetic changes that could lead to enhanced fitness of this pathogen.

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Meningococcal carriage in children and young adults in the Philippines: a single group, cross-sectional study

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Meningococcal disease surveillance in the Asia–Pacific region (2020): The global meningococcal initiative

Meningococcal disease surveillance in the Asia–Pacific region (2020): The global meningococcal initiative

Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in Low and Middle Income Countries of the Americas and Asia: A Review of the Literature

Increase of Neisseria meningitidis W:cc11 invasive disease in Chile has no correlation with carriage in adolescents

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