Meningitis, Clinical Presentation of Tetanus

Moniuszko, Anna; Zajkowska, Agata; Tumiel, Ewa; Rutkowski, Krzysztof; Czupryna, Piotr; Pancewicz, Sławomir; Rutkowski, Ryszard; Zdrodowska, Agnieszka; Zajkowska, Joanna

doi:10.1155/2015/372375

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Other conditions that may have similar clinical manifestations are meningitis/encephalitis, rabies, and acute intraabdominal processes (due to a stiff abdomen). Increased tone in the central muscles (face, neck, back and abdomen) accompanied by generalized spasm that becomes subtle and symptom-free in the hands and feet, strongly supports the presence of tetanus (2,16,17).…”

Section: Table 2 Ablett Classification Of Severity Of Tetanus (14)mentioning

confidence: 76%

Tetanus Update: Latest Diagnosis and Management

Saputera,

Sari

2024

IJCSMR

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Tetanus still contributes to a large number of deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11.76% in 2019. The increase in the number of cases and inadequate reporting are the reasons why tetanus management remains an important part of reducing patient mortality. Tetanus almost always occurs in patients who are not immune, partial or immune is inadequate. The diagnosis is made only from clinical manifestations, where the rigidity and spasm can be generalized (including neonatal tetanus) or local. Management of tetanus is divided into general management - with the administration of human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG) or serum anti-tetanus (ATS), antibiotics, magnesium, and wound care - and special management - which conforms to Ablett's classification system: mild, moderate, severe, and very heavy. Meanwhile, management in primary health care still adjusts the guidelines given by taking into account the availability of drugs. Prevention is carried out by giving immunizations to pregnant women, neonates and babies, as well as giving a booster every time an injury occurs.

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Section: Table 2 Ablett Classification Of Severity Of Tetanus (14)mentioning

confidence: 76%

Tetanus Update: Latest Diagnosis and Management

Saputera,

Sari

2024

IJCSMR

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“…Since the present study comprised of neuroinvasive bacteria based on a literature search that has shown few reports of meningitis caused by B. cereus and Cl. tetani [ 39 , 40 ], the present study demonstrated that it is not mandatory for bacteria to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) to affect the neurotransmission in CNS. Entry of bacteria into any part of body has distant effect implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Implications of Neuroinvasive Bacterial Peptides on Rodents Behaviour and Neurotransmission

Taj

Jamil

2017

Pathogens

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Neuroinvasive microbes are capable of applying their influences on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the host followed by the involvement of central nervous system (CNS) by releasing extracellular metabolites that may cause alterations in the biochemical and neurophysiological environment. Consequently synaptic, neuroendocrine, peripheral immune, neuro-immune, and behavioural responses of the host facilitate the progression of infection. The present study was designed to extrapolate the effects of crude and purified extracellular peptides of neuropathogenic bacteria on behavioural responses and neurotransmission of Sprague Dawley (SD) models. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and Neisseria meningitides (Nm) were isolated from the 92 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from mentally compromised patients. Bacillus cereus (Bc) and Clostridium tetani (Ct) were also included in the study. All bacterial strains were identified by the standard biochemical procedures. Filter sterilized cell free cultural broths (SCFBs) were prepared of different culture media. Behavioural study and neurotransmitter analysis were performed by giving an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of each bacterial SCFB to four groups (Test; n = 7) of SD rats, whereas two groups each (Control; n = 7) received a nutrient broth (NB) control and sterile physiological saline control, respectively. Extracellular bioactive peptides of these bacteria were screened and purified. All experiments were repeated using purified bacterial peptides on SD rat cohorts. Our study indicated promising behavioural changes, including fever, swelling, and hind paw paralysis, in SD rat cohorts. Purified bacterial peptides of all bacteria used in the present study elicited marked changes in behaviour through the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, these peptides of meningitis bacteria were found to potently affect the dopaminergic neurotransmission in CNS.

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“…The research results of Dai Cheng [12] showed that the mortality rate of patients who underwent standard wound debridement was signi cantly lower than that of those who did not. A common feature can also be found in many reports of tetanus: the wounds after contamination were not treated with timely standard debridement [13][14][15][16][17] . Therefore, standardized wound management is very necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus in Ningxia

Lv,

Yuan,

Gou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objective: By studying the understanding of tetanus among trauma related medical personnel in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, summarizing the prevention and treatment of tetanus in trauma patients, and analyzing the status quo of posttraumatic tetanus prevention and treatment in Ningxia, it provided ideas for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus in Ningxia. Methods: Through a questionnaire design and distribution survey, it explored the knowledge of the medical staff in the Ningxia region on the prevention and treatment of tetanus after external injury. Through the medical records of trauma patients treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, analyed the standard of post-trauma prevention and treatment in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Results：A total of 381 valid questionnaires were collected. There were significant differences in the level of awareness of tetanus prevention among different professions (c2 =15.37, P> 0.01) and different working departments (F=12.787, P>0.05) and difference between those who participated in tetanus-related training and those who did not (c2 =5.162, P> 0.05); occupation (OR=0.189,CI 0.070~514) was an independent factor for questionnaire eligibility. A total of 2307 patients were included in the medical records. Comparison between the standard group and the non-standard group for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus, there were statistically significant differences in sex, age, injury mechanism, wound nature and injury site (P>0.05). Comparison between the animal injury group and non-animal injury group, there were statistical differences in gender, age, wound nature, injury site, and whether standard tetanus preventive treatment was given (P>0.05). Conclusion: The outlook for the prevention and treatment of tetanus in Ningxia is still not optimistic, and the low rate of prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus, the low awareness of medical personnel and the insufficient attention of the public to tetanus are all problems that urgently need to be solved. The medical industry and health authorities should further establish and improve relevant systems, train medical personnel, and provide popular science to the public, so as to promote the standardized prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus.

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Meningitis, Clinical Presentation of Tetanus

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Tetanus Update: Latest Diagnosis and Management

Tetanus Update: Latest Diagnosis and Management

Implications of Neuroinvasive Bacterial Peptides on Rodents Behaviour and Neurotransmission

Current prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus in Ningxia

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