Mendel's principles of heredity / by W. Bateson.

Bateson, William; Mendel, Gregor

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.44575

Cited by 443 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…The particle's energy is decreased, and new direction cosines are assigned. (A discussion of the methods for generating direction cosines is provided in [15] and [16].) The particle is in effect restored as an IMC particle.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Hybrid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion—An Acceleration Method for Monte Carlo Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer Simulations

Gentile¹

2001

Journal of Computational Physics

121

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Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) is often employed to numerically simulate radiative transfer. In problems with regions that are characterized by a small mean free path, IMC can take a prohibitive amount of time, because many particle steps must be simulated to advance the particle through the time step. Problems containing regions with a small mean free path can frequently be accurately simulated much more quickly by employing the diffusion equation as an approximation. However, the diffusion approximation is not accurate in regions of the problem where the mean free path is large.We present a method for accelerating time-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations by using a discretization of the diffusion equation to calculate probabilities that are used to advance particles in regions with small mean free paths. The method is demonstrated on problems with one-and two-dimensional orthogonal grids. It results in decreases in run time of more than an order of magnitude on these problems, while producing answers with accuracy comparable to pure IMC simulations. We call the method Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion, which we abbreviate IMD.

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Section: Comparison To Other Hybrid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This restriction was employed in the Random Walk simulations described in the next section. Work on alleviating this restriction by sampling particle position and angle from a distribution that more accurately represents the results of transport in opaque media is described in [16].…”

Section: Comparison To Other Hybrid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion—An Acceleration Method for Monte Carlo Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer Simulations

Gentile¹

2001

Journal of Computational Physics

121

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“…Comparative studies of the CNS should yield valuable insights into its evolutionary history. Among bilateral animals, although both of deuterostomes and protostomes possess a centralized nervous system (1), comparative embryology has suggested that their CNSs should have arisen from different origins, because the deuterostome CNS is formed from the dorsal neural tube, whereas that of protostomes develops from the ventral ectoderm (2). Recently discovered molecular evidence, however, has provided support for the opposite conclusion in this longstanding problem of evolutionary morphology, namely the conserved expression patterns of many regulatory genes (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Origin and evolutionary process of the CNS elucidated by comparative genomics analysis of planarian ESTs

Mineta

Nakazawa

Cebrià

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

125

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Among the bilateral animals, a centralized nervous system is found in both the deuterostome and protostome. To address the question of whether the CNS was derived from a common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes, it is essential to know kinds of genes existed in the CNS of the putative common ancestor and to trace the evolutionary divergence of genes expressed in the CNS. To answer these questions, we took a comparative approach using different species, particularly focusing on one of the lower bilateral animals, the planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), which is known to possess a CNS. We determined the nucleotide sequence of ESTs from the head portion of planarians, obtaining 3,101 nonredundant EST clones. As a result of homology searches, we found that 116 clones had significant similarity to known genes related to the nervous system. Here, we compared these 116 planarian EST clones with all ORFs of the complete genome sequences of the human, fruit fly, and nematode, and showed that >95% of these 116 nervous system-related genes, including genes involved in brain or neural morphogenesis, were commonly shared among these organisms, thus providing evidence at the molecular level for the existence of a common ancestral CNS. Interestingly, we found that Ϸ30% of planarian nervous system-related genes had homologous sequences in Arabidopsis and yeast, which do not possess a nervous system. This implies that the origin of nervous system-related genes greatly predated the emergence of the nervous system, and that these genes might have been recruited toward the nervous system. F or understanding the evolutionary divergence of metazoans, the CNS is a key organ because of its highly organized developmental patterning system. Comparative studies of the CNS should yield valuable insights into its evolutionary history. Among bilateral animals, although both of deuterostomes and protostomes possess a centralized nervous system (1), comparative embryology has suggested that their CNSs should have arisen from different origins, because the deuterostome CNS is formed from the dorsal neural tube, whereas that of protostomes develops from the ventral ectoderm (2). Recently discovered molecular evidence, however, has provided support for the opposite conclusion in this longstanding problem of evolutionary morphology, namely the conserved expression patterns of many regulatory genes (3). To answer the question of whether both of these types of CNS were derived from a common ancestor, it is essential to gain more extensive knowledge of genes in the CNS of more basal groups of bilaterians and to compare these genes with those of other organisms.Planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) possess a CNS with a simple, primitive morphology (4, 5). The planarian CNS is composed of the cephalic ganglion and a pair of ventral nerve cords. The cephalic ganglion forms an inverted U-shaped structure with nine branches connecting to the sensory organs on each side (6, 7). The planarian cephalic ganglion exhibits many morphological fea...

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“…The famous story that he opened the letter on the train between Cambridge and London to give a lecture on heredity to the Royal Horticultural Society, and changed the lecture en route to announce Mendel's work, is only documented in Beatrice Bateson's biography and is open to question (Olby 1987). However, there is no doubt that he at once became Mendel's most effective protagonist, demonstrating the general validity and importance of mendelian inheritance in his lectures, books (Mendel's principles of Heredity; Bateson 1902Bateson , 1909 and also in his experimental work. His visit to America in 1902 reinforced this position, despite acrimonious debates in Britain with the 'biometric' school of workers, notably Weldon and Pearson (Cock 1973).…”

Section: William Bateson's Lifementioning

confidence: 95%

William Bateson, human genetics and medicine

Harper

2005

Hum Genet

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The importance of human genetics in the work of William Bateson (1861-1926) and in his promotion of Mendelism in the decade following the 1900 rediscovery of Mendel's work is described. Bateson had close contacts with clinicians interested in inherited disorders, notably Archibald Garrod, to whom he suggested the recessive inheritance of alkaptonuria, and the ophthalmologist Edward Nettleship, and he lectured extensively to medical groups. Bateson's views on human inheritance were far sighted and cautious. Not only should he be regarded as one of the founders of human genetics, but human genetics itself should be seen as a key element of the foundations of mendelian inheritance, not simply a later development from knowledge gained by study of other species.

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Mendel's principles of heredity / by W. Bateson.

Cited by 443 publications

References 0 publications

Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion—An Acceleration Method for Monte Carlo Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer Simulations

Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion—An Acceleration Method for Monte Carlo Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer Simulations

Origin and evolutionary process of the CNS elucidated by comparative genomics analysis of planarian ESTs

William Bateson, human genetics and medicine

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