Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis: nucleotide sequence and expression of the menB gene from Escherichia coli

Sharma, Vineet K.; Suvarna, Kalavati; Meganathan, R.; Hudspeth, Michael E. S.

doi:10.1128/jb.174.15.5057-5062.1992

Cited by 66 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The function of BadI has been deduced from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein that catalyzed hydrolytic carbon ring opening of 2-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA producing pimelyl-CoA (Pelletier and Harwood, 1996). Furthermore, T. aromatica and R. palustris enzymes showed sequence similarities with dihydroxynaphthoic acid synthase from various organisms (Driscoll and Taber, 1992;Sharma et al, 1992). This synthase catalyzes the formal back reaction of the hydrolase, namely formation of the aromatic ring in naphthoate synthesis from the precursor o-succinylbenzoylCoA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Breese

Boll

Alt-Mörbe

et al. 1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

107

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Many aromatic compounds are anaerobically oxidized to CO 2 via benzoyl-CoA as the common aromatic intermediate. In Thauera aromatica, the central benzoyl-CoA pathway comprises the ATP-driven two-electron reduction of the benzene ring; this reaction uses a ferredoxin as electron donor and is catalyzed by benzoyl-CoA reductase. The first intermediate, cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carboxyl-CoA, is subsequently hydrated by dienoyl-CoA hydratase to 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA. Formation of the main product produced by cell extracts, 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA, requires at least two further steps; the oxidation of a hydroxyl group and the hydrolytic carbon ring cleavage of a CoA-activated β-oxoacid. In addition, enoyl-CoA hydratase may come into play. A cluster of eight adjacent genes, which are transcribed in the same direction and may form an operon, was found in this bacterium. The cluster codes for proven and postulated enzymes of the benzoyl-CoA pathway. The genes for the enzymes code for ferredoxin, four subunits of benzoyl-CoA reductase, dienoyl-CoA hydratase, 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD ϩ ), and the ring hydrolyzing enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequences of these proteins were 35Ϫ86% similar to the corresponding sequences found in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Benzoyl-CoA reductase subunits exhibit distinct similarities with 2-hydroxyglutarylCoA dehydratase and its ATP-hydrolysing activase protein of Acidaminococcus fermentans as well as with open reading frames of unknown function in other bacteria. Conversion of benzoyl-CoA to 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA can be explained by a minimal model of the benzoyl-CoA pathway assuming the four enzymes whose genes were characterized and an additional enoyl-CoA hydratase. In R. palustris the dienoyl-CoA hydratase gene is lacking suggesting the operation of a modified benzoyl-CoA pathway with cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA as intermediate.Keywords : benzoyl-CoA pathway ; benzoyl-CoA reductase; dienoyl-CoA hydratase; 3-hydroxypimelylCoA; 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase.Aerobic aromatic metabolism is well known for the extensive use of molecular oxygen. Monooxygenases and dioxygenases are essential for the hydroxylation and for the cleavage of aromatic ring structures. Anaerobic aromatic metabolism necessarily requires a quite different strategy. Essential is the replacement of oxygen-dependent steps by a set of alternative reactions and the formation of different central intermediates, i.e. a completely different solution to overcome the energy barrier of the aromatic ring systems. Notably, in anaerobic pathways, the aro-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Breese

Boll

Alt-Mörbe

et al. 1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

107

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“…In several bacteria, vitamin K 2 (menaquinone) is used during fumarate reduction in anaerobic respiration (11). The genes encoding the enzymes involved in the conversion of chorismate to menaquinone have been cloned in Escherichia coli (12)(13)(14) and Bacillus subtilis (15,16). Although the route of phylloquinone biosynthesis has not been described in cyanobacteria, the pathway is likely to be similar to the pathway of menaquinone biosynthesis in other bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recruitment of a Foreign Quinone into the A1 Site of Photosystem I

Johnson¹,

Shen²,

Zybailov³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

131

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Genes encoding enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway leading to phylloquinone, the secondary electron acceptor of photosystem (PS) I, were identified in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by comparison with genes encoding enzymes of the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli. Targeted inactivation of the menA and menB genes, which code for phytyl transferase and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate synthase, respectively, prevented the synthesis of phylloquinone, thereby confirming the participation of these two gene products in the biosynthetic pathway. The menA and menB mutants grow photoautotrophically under low light conditions (20 E m ؊2 s ؊1 ), with doubling times twice that of the wild type, but they are unable to grow under high light conditions (120 E m ؊2 s ؊1 ). The menA and menB mutants grow photoheterotrophically on media supplemented with glucose under low light conditions, with doubling times similar to that of the wild type, but they are unable to grow under high light conditions unless atrazine is present to inhibit PS II activity. The level of active PS II per cell in the menA and menB mutant strains is identical to that of the wild type, but the level of active PS I is about 50 -60% that of the wild type as assayed by low temperature fluorescence, P700 photoactivity, and electron transfer rates. PS I complexes isolated from the menA and menB mutant strains contain the full complement of polypeptides, show photoreduction of F A and F B at 15 K, and support 82-84% of the wild type rate of electron transfer from cytochrome c 6 to flavodoxin. HPLC analyses show high levels of plastoquinone-9 in PS I complexes from the menA and menB mutants but not from the wild type. We propose that in the absence of phylloquinone, PS I recruits plastoquinone-9 into the A 1 site, where it functions as an efficient cofactor in electron transfer from A 0 to the iron-sulfur clusters.

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“…Most strains of E. coli are harmless and healthy intestinal tract can synthesize vitamin K2 by the help of these bacterial strains. Moreover, it supresses the growth of several pathogenic bacteria [16] . Consequently,, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of influent and effluent wastewater samples used in Mac Conkey agar on the growth of E. coli.…”

Section: The Examination Of the Growth Of Escherichia Coli (E Coli) mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coli ATCC 25922 is a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli. It is also easily cultured, well charaterized as lactose fermenting Gram negative bacteria and additionally studied as a model organism in the field of microbiology and biotechnology [16], [20]- [22]. Lactose fermenting bacteria likeE.…”

Section: Growth Media Prepared Using Distilled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It's selective and differential culture media containing peptons, bile salts, lactose, crystal violet, NaCl, neutralreddye, agarandwater. It isolates Gram-negative and enteric bacteria and differentiate them based on the lactose fermentation [16]- [19]. Then, mediawassterilized for 15 minutes at 121 0 C in an autoclave and was cooled down to 40-50 0 C and was poured into petri dishes.…”

Section: A Preparing Media With Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Examination of the Growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Strain on Mac Conkey Agar Prepared with Wastewater

Bozaslan¹,

Çakan²,

Ates³

et al. 2016

IJESD

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Abstract-Wastewater is a combination of the liquid wastes conducted away from residences, hospitals and industrial establishments and treatment of wastewater is crucial for environmental and public health as treated wastewater is reused in many ways including drinking water. In a wastewater treatment plant, microorganisms and toxic chemical compounds are removed from wastewater by physical, chemical and biological methods to generate effluent wastewater. Microorganisms play a critical role in activated sludge systems.A culture media is defined as a solid or liquid preparation used for the growth, transport, and storage of microorganisms which must contain all the nutrients required for the growth of the microorganism. The function of the media depends on its composition as well as the nutrients needed for the growth of all bacteria. It has been suggested that, no definitive standart exists for the assessment of culture media.Herein, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of influent and effluent wastewater samples used in Mac Conkey agar on the growth of E. coli. Our preliminary results showed that influent wastewater was more effective on bacterial growth compared to effluent wastewater. The results of our preliminary findings need to be strengthtened with additional studies conducted using wastewater samples.

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Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis: nucleotide sequence and expression of the menB gene from Escherichia coli

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Genes coding for the benzoyl‐CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the bacterium Thauera aromatica

Recruitment of a Foreign Quinone into the A1 Site of Photosystem I

The Examination of the Growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Strain on Mac Conkey Agar Prepared with Wastewater

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