MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa

Patel, Jaymin C.; Soeters, Heidi M.; Diallo, Alpha Oumar; Bicaba, Brice; Kadadé, Goumbi; Dembélé, Assétou Y; Acyl, Mahamat A; Nikiema, Christelle; Lingani, Clément; Hatcher, Cynthia; Acosta, Anna M.; Thomas, Jennifer D.; Diomandé, Fabien; Martin, Stacey W.; Clark, Thomas A.; Mihigo, Richard; Hajjeh, Rana; Zilber, Catherine H; Aké, Flavien; Mbaeyi, Sarah; Wang, Xin; Moïsi, Jennifer C; Ronveaux, Olivier; Mwenda, Jason M.; Novak, Ryan T.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz308

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The identification and serogrouping of N. meningitidis infection are important for disease control and vaccination strategies (25,26). The availability of RDTs is important for the early diagnosis of meningitis due to this bacterium, notably in the case of outbreaks that frequently occur in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa (27). The MeningoSpeed RDT evaluated in this study answers to most of the diagnostic criteria required by WHO for limited-resource areas because it is easy to store (room temperature with stability of 2 years between ϩ4°C and 30°C), perform, and read, without needing sophisticated equipment nor electricity; small amounts of CSF are required (less than 100 l for the 3 cassettes); the result is available within 15 minutes; 5 of the 6 most commonly identified serogroups can be detected, which permits simultaneous identification and serogrouping with a good confidence; and, finally, the overall performances of the test are very satisfactory compared to a sensitive PCR assay taken as reference standard when tested on a large panel of CSF belonging to various serogroups (Tables 1 and 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a New Rapid Detection Test for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis A/C/W/X/Y Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid

et al. 2020

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Meningococcal meningitis remains a life-threatening disease worldwide, with high prevalence in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt. A rapid diagnosis is crucial for implementing adapted antimicrobial treatment. We describe the performances of a new immunochromatographic test (MeningoSpeed, BioSpeedia, France) for detecting and grouping Neisseria meningitidis. Cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) were collected from 5 African countries and France. For the rapid diagnostic test (RDT), the CSF sample was deposited on each of the 3 cassettes for a total volume of 90 μl. The results of the RDT were compared to those of a reference multiplex PCR assay detecting the major serogroups of N. meningitidis on 560 CSF specimens. Five specimens were found uninterpretable by RDT (0.9%). The results of interpretable specimens were as follows: 305 positive and 212 negative samples by both techniques, 14 positive by PCR only, and 24 positive by RDT only (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 92.7%, 93.8%, 95.6%, and 89.8%, respectively, with an accuracy of 93.2% and a kappa test of 0.89; P < 0.05). From 319 samples positive by PCR for serogroups A, C, W, X, or Y, the grouping results were concordant for 299 specimens (sensitivity of 93.0%, 74.4%, 98.1%, 100%, and 83.3% for serogroups A, C, W, X, and Y, respectively). The MeningoSpeed RDT exhibited excellent performances for the rapid detection of N. meningitidis antigens. It can be stored at room temperature, requires a minimal amount of CSF, is performed in 15 minutes or less, and is easy to use at bedside.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a New Rapid Detection Test for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis A/C/W/X/Y Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid

et al. 2020

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“…We also reaffirmed the predominance of serotype 1 in pneumococcal meningitis clusters and outbreaks [8] , [43] . Though we did not retrospectively identify any clear cases where reactive vaccination with PCV could have played a role in outbreak response, continued robust meningitis surveillance [29] , real-time specimen tracking [52] , high levels of laboratory confirmation [53] and pneumococcal serotyping in Burkina Faso will allow for monitoring and detection of any future pneumococcal meningitis clusters or outbreaks, as well as evaluation of a potential change from a 3 + 0 schedule to a 2 + 1 schedule and how that may impact pneumococcal meningitis dynamics in Burkina Faso.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Burkina Faso has collected high-quality case-based meningitis surveillance data nationwide since 2010 [17] , [18] . Case-level demographic and clinical information, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens, were collected from all suspected meningitis cases in all districts using WHO and MenAfriNet instruments [28] , [29] ; specimens were tested at 5 national reference laboratories. From 2011 to 2015, Burkina Faso had 63 districts total; following re-districting, this number changed to 70 districts in 2016 and 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pneumococcal meningitis clusters in Burkina Faso and implications for potential reactive vaccination

Soeters

Kambiré

Sawadogo

et al. 2020

Vaccine

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Highlights From 2011 to 2017, Burkina Faso had 20 pneumococcal meningitis clusters of ≥ 5 cases per district/week. Clusters had a maximum weekly incidence of 7 cases and a maximum duration of 4 weeks. Most clusters occurred prior to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. Clusters were caused by a mixture of serotypes, with serotype 1 being most common. Due to the limited cluster size and duration, there were no clear indications for reactive vaccination.

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“…The MenAfriNet consortium which has supported the implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and northern Togo has demonstrated the utility of such efforts. 53 The representativeness of the findings is also limited in that not all the CSF specimens were available for testing; for instance, only 19% of specimens from Senegal were available for TAC testing. There were also large differences in the age distributions of children presenting with suspected meningitis across the various countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Pediatric Meningitis in West Africa Using Molecular Methods in the Era of Conjugate Vaccines against Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b

Kwambana-Adams

Liu

Okoi

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Despite the implementation of effective conjugate vaccines against the three main bacterial pathogens that cause meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, the burden of meningitis in West Africa remains high. The relative importance of other bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens in central nervous system infections is poorly characterized. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children younger than 5 years with suspected meningitis, presenting at pediatric teaching hospitals across West Africa in five countries including Senegal, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, and Niger. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were initially tested using bacteriologic culture and a triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae used in routine meningitis surveillance. A custom TaqMan Array Card (TAC) assay was later used to detect 35 pathogens including 15 bacteria, 17 viruses, one fungus, and two protozoans. Among 711 CSF specimens tested, the pathogen positivity rates were 2% and 20% by the triplex real-time PCR (three pathogens) and TAC (35 pathogens), respectively. TAC detected 10 bacterial pathogens, eight viral pathogens, and Plasmodium. Overall, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (4.8%), followed by S. pneumoniae (3.5%) and Plasmodium (3.5%). Multiple pathogens were detected in 4.4% of the specimens. Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Plasmodium detected in CSF had high mortality. Among 220 neonates, 17% had at least one pathogen detected, dominated by gram-negative bacteria. The meningitis TAC enhanced the detection of pathogens in children with meningitis and may be useful for case-based meningitis surveillance.

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MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Validation of a New Rapid Detection Test for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis A/C/W/X/Y Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Validation of a New Rapid Detection Test for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis A/C/W/X/Y Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Evaluation of pneumococcal meningitis clusters in Burkina Faso and implications for potential reactive vaccination

Etiology of Pediatric Meningitis in West Africa Using Molecular Methods in the Era of Conjugate Vaccines against Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b

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