Men's self‐reports of unwanted sexual activity

Abstract

We investigated men's experience with unwanted sexual activity-including unwanted kissing, petting, or intercourse-engaged in because of physical or psychological pressure or from societal expectations about male sexuality. We developed a questionnaire asking if respondents had ever engaged in unwanted sexual activity for any of 51 reasons. This questionnaire was administered to 507 men and 486 women. More women (97.5%) than men (93.5%) had experienced unwanted sexual activity; more men (62.7%) than women (46.3%) had experienced unwanted intercourse. Using factor analysis, we grouped the 51 questionnaire items into 13 general reasons; we then compared percentages of men and women who had engaged in unwanted sexual activity for these 13 reasons. There were seven sex differences in reasons for unwanted sexual activity: Five were more frequent for women than men; two reasons were more frequent for men than women-peer pressure and desire for popularity. There were eight sex differences in reasons for unwanted intercourse; more men than women had engaged in unwanted intercourse for all eight. The double standard for male and female sexuality and implications for therapy are discussed.

Sexual Stereotypes and Practices of University Students in Turkey

“…Token resistance, or saying ''no'' while meaning ''yes,'' has been well studied, especially in the U.S. (Muehlenhard, 1988;Muehlenhard & Cook, 1988;Muehlenhard & Hollabaugh, 1988;Muehlenhard, & McCoy, 1991;Muehlenhard & Rodgers, 1998;Shotland & Hunter, 1995;Sprecher, Hatfield, Cortese, Potapova,&Levitskaya,1994).Withthe expectationthat''token resistance'' is a part of the feminine script, most studies investigated the prevalence of women's experiences of token resistance and found it to be between 37 and 40%. Five major reasons for engaging in this behavior were identified as''moral concerns and discomfort about sex, adding interest to a relationship, wanting not to be taken for granted, testing a partner's response, and power and control over the other person'' (Muehlenhard & Rodgers, 1998).…”

A longitudinal examination of the consequences of sexual victimization for rural young adult women

“…They were instructed to check all the reasons that applied to them. This measure was adapted from two existing measures developed by Muehlenhard and Cook (1988) and Koss and Oros (1982).…”

California define qué es “consentimiento sexual”

“…En investigaciones con mujeres, se han encontrado como motivos para acceder a un encuentro sexual sin desearlo: el altruismo (ceder como prueba de amor), porque desean satisfacer las "necesidades" del hombre, no quieren rechazarlo o sienten obligación (Muehlenhard & Cook, 1988). Otras consideraciones son: el miedo a la violencia o el abandono frente a la negativa, temor al enojo de la pareja, a una agresión sexual o a que "él se busque otra" (Guevara, 2002); sienten que el hombre ha llegado a un grado de excitación en el que "no hay retorno" o porque lo pide de una manera "dulce" (Bay-Cheng & Eliseo-Arras, 2008).…”