Men’s Depression, Externalizing, and DSM-5-TR: Primary Signs and Symptoms or Co-occurring Symptoms?

Rice, Simon; Seidler, Zac E.; Kealy, David; Ogrodniczuk, John S.; Zajac, Ian; Oliffe, John

doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000346

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We equally found guilt to be more frequent in women however, this was not statistically significant. Our findings thus supports efforts towards a sex stratified assessment of potential depression exemplified by the Male Depression Risk Scale (Rice et al, al.,2022) To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine the assessment of depressive symptoms among a group of otherwise healthy individuals with an investigation of the prospective association between specific symptoms and later anti-depressive medication. To address the individual association between each symptom and later anti-depressive medication, a fully adjusted model was performed to remove the effects from other symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in 51,658 otherwise healthy adult Danes: Sex differences in symptomatology and prediction of future anti-depressive medication

Mikkelsen

Larsen

Sørensen

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in 51,658 otherwise healthy adult Danes: Sex differences in symptomatology and prediction of future anti-depressive medication

Mikkelsen

Larsen

Sørensen

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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“…On the other hand, if many of these who attempt suicide do not report suicidal ideation, this only underscores the need to find lowthreshold risk factors for suicidal ideation who are more likely to be reported than suicidal ideation itself. Moreover, the PHQ-D that was used for the mental health assessment is based on prototypical depression symptoms, whereas TMI is associated with more externalizing, male-specific symptoms that are often overlooked when screening for typical depression symptoms (Addis, 2008;Cavanagh et al, 2017;Rice et al, 2022;Walther et al, 2021). Thus, future studies on gender-differences in suicide risk factors may benefit from using male specific instruments in addition to established mental health instruments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Dropout Thoughts in Male University Students as Warning Sign for Suicidal Ideation and Mental Health Problems

Logoz¹,

Weber²,

Eggenberger³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Increasing prevalence rates for suicidal ideation among university students call for better understanding of critical risk factors. Because of traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI; socially defined sets of standards and norms how men are expected to be or behave), men are less likely to report suicidal ideation but up to four times more likely to die by suicide. Establishing low-threshold risk factors to identify suicidal ideation among male students at an early stage is paramount. Study dropout thoughts, due to a particular relationship with TMI, could be one such risk factor. The present study therefore examines the relationship between study dropout thoughts and suicidal ideation as well as gender-differences in risk patterns. Methods: A total of N = 4894 German university students (24.6% men) completed a cross-sectional online survey on mental health at the University of Cologne. A first part of the survey consisted of sociodemographic and study related questions (e.g., study dropout thoughts). In the second part psychological syndromes (any psychological syndrome, depressive syndrome, alcohol syndrome), life stressors and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire D (PHQ-D). Results: Male university students expressed study dropout thoughts more frequently than female students, while for both genders study dropout thoughts were associated with increased suicidal ideation. Significant gender-differences were observed for all outcomes, with financial stress and a recent bad experience being risk factors for suicidal ideation in men but not women. Relationship problems, problems at work, and current psychotherapy use were associated with increased suicidal ideation in women but not in men. Conclusions: In the University context, study dropout thoughts are expressed often, especially by male students. Given that study dropout thoughts are associated with suicidal ideation and that male-specific risk patterns for suicidal ideation have been identified, men who report thoughts of dropping out of studies or experience financial stress should be screened for suicidality and mental health problems. Future prevention measures in the University context should consider study dropout thoughts and male-specific risk-patterns to increase chances for detection of male students at risk for suicide and to improve the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs specifically targeting men.

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“…Given the mediating role of male-type depressive symptoms between avoidant coping and suicidal/self-harm ideation, future research could also investigate coping strategies and strengths-based approaches as intervention targets for depressed men presenting with externalizing symptoms, in order to reduce their risk of suicide and self-harm. Finally, we call for well-designed studies to address broader unanswered questions related to the male-type depression phenotype [ 71 ]. Given DSM-5-TR [ 72 ] now references men’s externalizing symptoms in a new accompanying statement related to sex- and gender-related diagnostic issues for major depressive disorder, better understanding the complex and nuanced symptomatic picture of men’s depression remains an important task for not just men’s depression assessment, but for improving the fit and effectiveness of treatments offered to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-Type Depression Mediates the Relationship between Avoidant Coping and Suicidal Ideation in Men

O’Gorman

Wilson

Seidler

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Despite known links between men’s avoidant coping behaviours (e.g., distraction, denial, substance use) and suicide risk, little research has explored the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. This study sought to examine whether male-type depression symptoms (e.g., anger, aggression, emotion suppression), assessed by the Male Depression Risk Scale, mediate the association between avoidant coping and suicide/self-harm ideation in men. Data were drawn from an online survey of a community sample of 606 Australian men (M age = 50.11 years; SD = 15.00), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mediation analyses were applied to examine the effect of male-type depression on the association between avoidant coping and suicidal/self-harm ideation, controlling for age, resilience and the experience of two psychosocial stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic (financial stress and government restrictions). Avoidant coping was associated with suicidal/self-harm ideation, r = 0.45, p < 0.001. Results supported a mediating role of male-type depression symptoms in this relationship, R2= 0.29, PM = 0.36, p < 0.001, underscoring the importance of screening for male-type depression symptoms to better identify men at risk of suicidal/self-harm ideation. Results also suggest a need to support men to develop effective coping strategies, particularly in the context of common psychosocial stressors experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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Men’s Depression, Externalizing, and DSM-5-TR: Primary Signs and Symptoms or Co-occurring Symptoms?

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in 51,658 otherwise healthy adult Danes: Sex differences in symptomatology and prediction of future anti-depressive medication

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in 51,658 otherwise healthy adult Danes: Sex differences in symptomatology and prediction of future anti-depressive medication

Study Dropout Thoughts in Male University Students as Warning Sign for Suicidal Ideation and Mental Health Problems

Male-Type Depression Mediates the Relationship between Avoidant Coping and Suicidal Ideation in Men

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