Men’s and women’s endorsement of hegemonic masculinity and responses to COVID-19

Schermerhorn, Nathaniel E.C.; Vescio, Theresa K.

doi:10.1177/13591053221081905

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…These findings add support to emerging literature that demonstrates the importance of masculinity-related constructs on men's health behavior related to COVID-19. [13][14][15][16][17]38 The findings extend the current literature by being the first to our knowledge to examine gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress in relations to COVID-19 prevention, and by exploring whether the effect of discrepancy stress varies by race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and income. The findings broadly suggest that gender role discrepancy was associated with better engagement in vaccination, while discrepancy stress had a negative The interaction between race/ethnicity and gender role discrepancy stress on vaccination status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…8,9 Studies in the U.S. demonstrate adherence to traditional masculine norms is generally associated with less healthcare utilization, such as lower health literacy, less HIV or sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, and less psychological help seeking behavior. [10][11][12] Several studies report conforming to traditional masculine norms associates with lower adherence to CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors, [13][14][15][16][17] but the research in this area is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Role Discrepancy Stress and COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors Among Men in the United States

et al. 2023

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Purpose To examine the associations between gender role discrepancy (non-conformity to socially prescribed masculine gender role norms) and discrepancy stress (distress arising from this discrepancy) on COVID-19 prevention behaviors among men, and the potential moderating effects of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and income on these relationships. Design A national online survey was conducted between May and June 2021. Setting The United States. Subjects 749 adult men residing in the United States. Measures A scale measured gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress. COVID-19 prevention outcomes were constructed and included self-reported vaccination status/intentions, social distancing, mask-wearing, and hand-sanitizing. Analysis Multivariate generalized linear models were performed in SPSS. Results Gender role discrepancy associated with greater odds of vaccination (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.78, P = .04), while discrepancy stress associated with lower odds of vaccination (AOR = .48, 95% CI = .35-.68, P < 0. 001) and mask-wearing (AOR = .54, 95% CI = .37-.79, P = .001) for men overall. Discrepancy stress’s negative effect on specific COVID-19 prevention behaviors was only apparent or was amplified for men in lower income brackets (vaccination, social distancing, mask-wearing), racial/ethnic minority men (vaccination), and sexual minority men (social distancing). Conclusion This study demonstrates that gender role discrepancy stress negatively affects men’s engagement in COVID-19 prevention, particularly for men in marginalized populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Role Discrepancy Stress and COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors Among Men in the United States

et al. 2023

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“…Other studies that examine COVID-19 outcomes through the lens of adherence to traditional masculine/feminine norms similarly report strict adherence to associate with less prevention behavior. [89][90][91] Future research should explore adherence to social structures of gender further, rather than just identification with binary categories of male/female or man/ woman, in relation to vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review on Gender/Sex Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Uptake in the United States

Sileo,

Hirani,

Luttinen

et al. 2023

Am J Health Promot

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Objective To explore the empirical literature on gender/sex differences in vaccine acceptance among U.S.-based adults and adolescents in approximately the first 2 years of the pandemic. Data source Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science Study inclusion and exclusion criteria Peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. with those aged 12 and older, published in English before January 12, 2022, examining the relationship between gender/sex on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and/or uptake. Data extraction Three authors screened studies and extracted data. Data Synthesis Univariate and multivariate results are summarized. Results A total of 53 studies met inclusion criteria (48 intentions, 7 uptake), using mostly cross-sectional designs (92.5%) and non-random sampling (83.0%). The majority of studies supported men’s greater intentions to vaccinate compared to women, and men’s greater vaccine uptake in univariate analyses, but most multivariate analyses supported no gender differences in uptake. Few studies examined gender beyond binary categories (women/men), highlighting a gap in the studies inclusive of transgender or gender-diverse populations in analyses. Conclusion Women may have been more hesitant to get the vaccine than men early in the pandemic, but these differences may not translate to actual behavior. Future research should include non-binary/transgender populations, explore the gender-specific reasons for hesitancy and differences by sub-populations, utilize more rigorous designs, and test gender-sensitive public health campaigns to mitigate vaccine concerns.

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“…Whether it be his unwillingness to self-censor racist or misogynist remarks, his presumed managerial business acumen, or his desire to "fight" anyone who dared challenge him; in each case, Trump was a desirable candidate to his supporters because he was not exuding a hybrid masculinity (Dignam and Rohlinger 2019;Dignam et al 2021). Similarly, Vescio and Schermerhorn (2021) found that Americans who associated masculinity with toughness, status, and a lack of feminine practices were more likely to view Trump favorablyincluding how he responded to the pandemic (Schermerhorn and Vescio 2023).…”

Section: Gender Populism and The Trump Presidencymentioning

confidence: 99%

He Does (Not) Care: COVID-19 Volunteers’ Assessments of Donald Trump’s Responses to the Pandemic

Leap,

Stalp,

Kelly

2023

Social Currents

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How right-wing populist politicians do gender has gained increasing attention. Far less consideration has been granted to how citizens assess such politicians’ genders. Using 78 interviews and 662 self-administered questionnaires completed by American adults who were voluntarily producing personal protective equipment in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyze respondents’ descriptions of then-President Donald Trump’s responses to the pandemic. Drawing on the emerging caring masculinities literature, we argue that respondents linked the legitimacy of Trump’s authority to whether he sought to care for them by protecting their well-being or dominate them for his own benefit. Supporters described Trump as an effective leader who strategically cared about and for Americans despite nefarious attempts to undermine him. Critics portrayed Trump as an irrational authoritarian seeking to consolidate and expand his power—regardless of the impacts on Americans. These results provide preliminary evidence that perceived acts of care by right-wing populists can be especially important to how members of the public evaluate such politicians’ genders and their claims to power. While right-wing populists are often described as cultivating especially aggressive, tough masculinities, our results suggest populists’ abilities to be perceived as caring can also be significant to legitimating their access to state power.

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Men’s and women’s endorsement of hegemonic masculinity and responses to COVID-19

Cited by 8 publications

References 83 publications

Gender Role Discrepancy Stress and COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors Among Men in the United States

Gender Role Discrepancy Stress and COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors Among Men in the United States

A Scoping Review on Gender/Sex Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Uptake in the United States

He Does (Not) Care: COVID-19 Volunteers’ Assessments of Donald Trump’s Responses to the Pandemic

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